3,497 research outputs found

    Phase Diagram Of The Biham-Middleton-Levine Traffic Model In Three Dimensions

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    We study numerically the behavior of the Biham-Middleton-Levine traffic model in three dimensions. Our extensive numerical simulations show that the phase diagram for this model in three dimensions is markedly different from that in one and two dimensions. In addition to the full speed moving as well as the completely jamming phases, whose respective average asymptotic car speeds equal one and zero, we observe an extensive region of car densities ρ\rho with a low but non-zero average asymptotic car speed. The transition from this extensive low average asymptotic car speed region to the completely jamming region is at least second order. We argue that this low speed region is a result of the formation of a spatially-limited-extended percolating cluster. Thus, this low speed phase is present in n>3n > 3 dimensional Biham-Middleton-Levine model as well.Comment: Minor clarifications, 1 figure adde

    Exclusive Hadronic D Decays to eta' and eta

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    Hadronic decay modes D0(Kˉ0,Kˉ0)η,ηD^0\to(\bar K^0, \bar K^{*0})\eta,\eta' and (D+,Ds+)(π+,ρ+)η,η(D^+,D_s^+)\to(\pi^+,\rho^+)\eta,\eta' are studied in the generalized factorization approach. Form factors for (D,Ds+)(η,η)(D,D_s^+)\to(\eta,\eta') transitions are carefully evaluated by taking into account the wave function normalization of the eta and eta'. The predicted branching ratios are generally in agreement with experiment except for D0Kˉ0η,D+π+ηD^0\to\bar K^0\eta', D^+\to\pi^+\eta and Ds+ρ+ηD_s^+\to\rho^+\eta'; the calculated decay rates for the first two decay modes are too small by an order of magnitude. We show that the weak decays D0Kπ+D^0\to K^-\pi^+ and D+K+Kˉ0D^+\to K^+\bar K^0 followed by resonance-induced final-state interactions (FSI), which are amenable technically, are able to enhance the branching ratios of D0Kˉ0ηD^0\to\bar K^0\eta' and D+π+ηD^+\to\pi^+\eta dramatically without affecting the agreement between theory and experiment for D0Kˉ0ηD^0\to\bar K^0\eta and D+π+ηD^+\to\pi^+\eta'. We argue that it is difficult to understand the observed large decay rates of Ds+ρ+ηD_s^+\to \rho^+\eta' and ρ+η\rho^+\eta simultaneously; FSI, W-annihilation and the production of excess eta' from gluons are not helpful in this regard. The large discrepancy between the factorization hypothesis and experiment for the ratio of Ds+ρ+ηD_s^+\to\rho^+ \eta' and Ds+ηe+νD_s^+\to\eta' e^+\nu remains as an enigma.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. Form factors for D to eta and eta' transitions are slightly change

    CP violation and CKM phases from angular distributions for BsB_s decays into admixtures of CP eigenstates

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    We investigate the time-evolutions of angular distributions for BsB_s decays into final states that are admixtures of CP-even and CP-odd configurations. A sizable lifetime difference between the BsB_s mass eigenstates allows a probe of CP violation in time-dependent untagged angular distributions. Interference effects between different final state configurations of BsDs+DsB_s\to D^{*+}_s D^{*-}_s, J/ψϕJ/\psi \phi determine the Wolfenstein parameter η\eta from untagged data samples, or -- if one uses Vub/Vcb|V_{ub}|/|V_{cb}| as an additional input -- the notoriously difficult to measure CKM angle γ\gamma. Another determination of γ\gamma is possible by using isospin symmetry of strong interactions to relate untagged data samples of BsK+KB_s\to K^{\ast+} K^{\ast-} and BsK0K0B_s\to K^{\ast0} \overline{K^{\ast0}}. We note that the untagged angular distribution for Bsρ0ϕB_s\to\rho^0 \phi provides interesting information about electroweak penguins.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, no figure

    Final-State Phases in Charmed Meson Two-Body Nonleptonic Decays

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    Observed decay rates indicate large phase differences among the amplitudes for the charge states in DKˉπD \to \bar K \pi and DKˉπD \to \bar K^* \pi but relatively real amplitudes in the charge states for DKˉρD \to \bar K \rho. This feature is traced using an SU(3) flavor analysis to a sign flip in the contribution of one of the amplitudes contributing to the latter processes in comparison with its contribution to the other two sets. This amplitude may be regarded as an effect of rescattering and is found to be of magnitude comparable to others contributing to charmed particle two-body nonleptonic decays.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 4 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev.

    On the B\"acklund Transformation for the Moyal Korteweg-de Vries Hierarchy

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    We study the B\"acklund symmetry for the Moyal Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) hierarchy based on the Kuperschmidt-Wilson Theorem associated with second Gelfand-Dickey structure with respect to the Moyal bracket, which generalizes the result of Adler for the ordinary KdV.Comment: 9 pages, Revte

    Key distillation from quantum channels using two-way communication protocols

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    We provide a general formalism to characterize the cryptographic properties of quantum channels in the realistic scenario where the two honest parties employ prepare and measure protocols and the known two-way communication reconciliation techniques. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition to distill a secret key using this type of schemes for Pauli qubit channels and generalized Pauli channels in higher dimension. Our results can be applied to standard protocols such as BB84 or six-state, giving a critical error rate of 20% and 27.6%, respectively. We explore several possibilities to enlarge these bounds, without any improvement. These results suggest that there may exist weakly entangling channels useless for key distribution using prepare and measure schemes.Comment: 21 page

    Branching Ratio and CP Violation of B to pi pi Decays in Perturbative QCD Approach

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    We calculate the branching ratios and CP asymmetries for B^0 to pi^+pi^-, B^+ to pi^+pi^0 and B^0 to pi^0pi^0 decays, in a perturbative QCD approach. In this approach, we calculate non-factorizable and annihilation type contributions, in addition to the usual factorizable contributions. We found that the annihilation diagram contributions are not very small as previous argument. Our result is in agreement with the measured branching ratio of B to pi^+pi^- by CLEO collaboration. With a non-negligible contribution from annihilation diagrams and a large strong phase, we predict a large direct CP asymmetry in B^0 to pi^+pi^-, and pi^0pi^0, which can be tested by the current running B factories.Comment: Latex, 28 pages including 11 figures; added contents and figures, corrected typo

    Information Content in BVVB \to VV Decays and the Angular Moments Method

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    The time-dependent angular distributions of decays of neutral BB mesons into two vector mesons contain information about the lifetimes, mass differences, strong and weak phases, form factors, and CP violating quantities. A statistical analysis of the information content is performed by giving the ``information'' a quantitative meaning. It is shown that for some parameters of interest, the information content in time and angular measurements combined may be orders of magnitude more than the information from time measurements alone and hence the angular measurements are highly recommended. The method of angular moments is compared with the (maximum) likelihood method to find that it works almost as well in the region of interest for the one-angle distribution. For the complete three-angle distribution, an estimate of possible statistical errors expected on the observables of interest is obtained. It indicates that the three-angle distribution, unraveled by the method of angular moments, would be able to nail down many quantities of interest and will help in pointing unambiguously to new physics.Comment: LaTeX, 34 pages with 9 figure

    Large scale correlations in normal and general non-Hermitian matrix ensembles

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    We compute the large scale (macroscopic) correlations in ensembles of normal random matrices with an arbitrary measure and in ensembles of general non-Hermition matrices with a class of non-Gaussian measures. In both cases the eigenvalues are complex and in the large NN limit they occupy a domain in the complex plane. For the case when the support of eigenvalues is a connected compact domain, we compute two-, three- and four-point connected correlation functions in the first non-vanishing order in 1/N in a manner that the algorithm of computing higher correlations becomes clear. The correlation functions are expressed through the solution of the Dirichlet boundary problem in the domain complementary to the support of eigenvalues. The two-point correlation functions are shown to be universal in the sense that they depend only on the support of eigenvalues and are expressed through the Dirichlet Green function of its complement.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX, submitted to J. Phys. A special issue on random matrices, minor corrections, references adde

    Wolfenstein Parametrization Re-examined

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    The Wolfenstein parametrization of the 3×33\times 3 Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) matrix VV is modified by keeping its unitarity up to the accuracy of O(λ6)O(\lambda^{6}). This modification can self-consistently lead to the off-diagonal asymmetry of VV: Vij2Vji2|V_{ij}|^{2}-|V_{ji}|^{2} = Zkϵijk Z\displaystyle\sum_{k}\epsilon^{~}_{ijk} with Z=A2λ6(12ρ)Z=\approx A^{2}\lambda^{6} (1-2\rho), which is comparable in magnitude with the Jarlskog parameter of CPCP violation JA2λ6ηJ\approx A^{2}\lambda^{6}\eta. We constrain the ranges of JJ and ZZ by using the current experimental data, and point out that the possibility of a symmetric KM matrix has almost been ruled out.Comment: 5 Latex pages including a figure; Two references are adde
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