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    Estabilizaci贸n de fracturas Schatzker I de la meseta tibial. Estudio num茅rico comparativo mediante elementos finitos. Placas bloqueadas vs tornillos canulados

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    ResumenObjetivoLa estabilizaci贸n quir煤rgica de las fracturas SchatzkerI de meseta tibial se realiza principalmente mediante la colocaci贸n de tornillos canulados o mediante la aplicaci贸n de una placa con tornillos bloqueados proximales. En el postoperatorio, los pacientes realizan generalmente una descarga de 6 u 8 semanas. Usando el m茅todo de elementos finitos (EF), este estudio intenta analizar si la carga inmediata del paciente despu茅s de la cirug铆a genera un exceso de desplazamiento interfragmentario (DI).M茅todosUtilizando un modelo validado de EF de paciente sano, el modelo tibial se reprodujo geom茅tricamente, y se realiz贸 una fractura SchatzkerI tipo a partir de radiograf铆as y TAC de diferentes pacientes. Se modelizaron tornillos canulados de 6,5mm y una placa Polyax (Biomet Inc, EE.UU.), implant谩ndose virtualmente en la tibia fracturada, y aplicando una fuerza de 400N, equivalente a 80kg de peso del paciente en bipedestaci贸n. Los DI se calcularon a partir del desplazamientos de diferentes nodos en el 谩rea fractuaria.ResultadosLos DI m谩ximos calculados con la placa Polyax y los tornillos canulados fueron de 0,1-0,15mm y 0,25-0,3mm, respectivamente. Sin embargo, aplicando un peso de un 20% exist铆a riesgo de fractura por compresi贸n con los tornillos canulados. Con la placa Polyax se obtuvo una mejor distribuci贸n de las cargas, manteni茅ndose en zona segura por debajo de 100Mpa con la aplicaci贸n del 50% del peso del paciente.Conclusi贸nEste estudio sugiere que ambos sistemas tienen un resultado similar en cuanto al DI, pero la placa realiza una mejor distribuci贸n de las cargas en la zona de la fractura, permitiendo la carga parcial inmediata de un 50% del peso del paciente.AbstractObjectiveSurgical stabilization of split fractures of the lateral tibial plateau may involve percutaneous insertion of cannulated screws or more invasive implantation of locked plating systems. In any case, six to eight weeks of non-weight-bearing are recommended. By using the finite element (FE) method, this study aimed to assess whether immediate weight bearing can generate excessive interfragmentary motions (IM).MethodsA validated femur-tibia FE model of a healthy patient was used. The tibia model was reconverted into geometry, and a SchatzkerI fracture was re-created based on patient x-rays. Cannulated 6.5mm cancellous bone screws, and a Polyax tibial locked plating system (Biomet Inc, USA) were modelled, and virtually implanted into the fractured tibia geometry. An axial force of 400N pressed the femur model against the tibial plateau, simulating the weight of an 80Kg patient in bipedal stance. IM were calculated as the displacements between two nodes initially superimposed in the fracture areaResultsMaximum IM calculated with the Polyax and with the cannulated screw fixations were around 0.1-0.15mm, and 0.25-0.3mm, respectively. Both systems led to similar IM up to 80-90% of applied body weight. However, applying over 20% of the simulated body weight might lead to a risk of compression bone fracture. With the Polyax system, bone stresses were better distributed, and remained below 100MPa at 30% of body weight. Maximum stresses in the implants were about half the reported strength for the alloy simulated.ConclusionThis study suggested that IM caused by weight bearing might not impede bone healing in a fracture stabilized with either a Polyax locked plating system or cannulated screws. However, cannulated screw systems could lead to harmful load concentrations in the bone with immediate weight bearing. Plate systems will allow around 50% of immediate weight bearing
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