Use of Lagrangian simulations to hindcast the geographical position of propagule release zones in a Mediterranean coastal fish

The study of organism dispersal is fundamental for elucidating patterns of connectivity between populations, thus crucial for the design of effective protection and management strategies. This is especially challenging in the case of coastal fish, for which information on egg release zones (i.e. spawning grounds) is often lacking. Here we assessed the putative location of egg release zones of the saddled sea bream (Oblada melanura) along the south-eastern coast of Spain in 2013. To this aim, we hindcasted propagule (egg and larva) dispersal using Lagrangian simulations, fed with species-specific information on early life history traits (ELTs), with two approaches: 1) back-tracking and 2) comparing settler distribution obtained from simulations to the analogous distribution resulting from otolith chemical analysis. Simulations were also used to assess which factors contributed the most to dispersal distances. Back-tracking simulations indicated that both the northern sector of the Murcia region and some traits of the North-African coast were hydrodynamically suitable to generate and drive the supply of larvae recorded along the coast of Murcia in 2013. With the second approach, based on the correlation between simulation outputs and field results (otolith chemical analysis), we found that the oceanographic characteristics of the study area could have determined the pattern of settler distribution recorded with otolith analysis in 2013 and inferred the geographical position of main O. melanura spawning grounds along the coast. Dispersal distance was found to be significantly affected by the geographical position of propagule release zones. The combination of methods used was the first attempt to assess the geographical position of propagule release zones in the Mediterranean Sea for O. melanura, and can represent a valuable approach for elucidating dispersal and connectivity patterns in other coastal species

Spatial genetic structure in the saddled sea bream (Oblada melanura [Linnaeus, 1758]) suggests multi-scaled patterns of connectivity between protected and unprotected areas in the Western Mediterranean Sea

Marine protected areas (MPAs) and networks of MPAs are advocated worldwide for the achievement of marine conservation objectives. Although the knowledge about population connectivity is considered fundamental for the optimal design of MPAs and networks, the amount of information available for the Mediterranean Sea is currently scarce. We investigated the genetic structure of the saddled sea bream ( Oblada melanura) and the level of genetic connectivity between protected and unprotected locations, using a set of 11 microsatellite loci. Spatial patterns of population differentiation were assessed locally (50-100 km) and regionally (500-1000 km), considering three MPAs of the Western Mediterranean Sea. All values of genetic differentiation between locations (Fst and Jost's D) were non-significant after Bonferroni correction, indicating that, at a relatively small spatial scale, protected locations were in general well connected with non-protected ones. On the other hand, at the regional scale, discriminant analysis of principal components revealed the presence of a subtle pattern of genetic heterogeneity that reflects the geography and the main oceanographic features (currents and barriers) of the study area. This genetic pattern could be a consequence of different processes acting at different spatial and temporal scales among which the presence of admixed populations, large population sizes and species dispersal capacity, could play a major role. These outcomes can have important implications for the conservation biology and fishery management of the saddled sea bream and provide useful information for genetic population studies of other coastal fishes in the Western Mediterranean Sea

The diary of Robert John Mullins (1833-1913)

Summary of Content: This volume offers its readers extracts from the diary and the correspondence of Robert John Mullins, Anglican missionary, priest and in due time principal of what was called the Kafir Institution in Grahamstown and as such a pioneer in the field of western education to black South Africans. After his marriage to Jennie Roe he was assisted in all that he undertook by a loyal and devoted wife. The editors have made use of the earlier diaries and manuscripts because of the light they shed on the conditions in the eastern Cape frontier in the crucial years before and after the cattle-killing. While Mullins' own observations are those of a young missionary his remarks and the record of his experiences are themselves to be viewed in the light of the recent scholarship in regard to the cattle-killing which reveals the multisidedness of an appalling social tragedy. What Mullins wrote records, for better or for worse, episodes which show how South Africans of different origins have in the past regarded one another. Mullins was a committed Christian eager to offer to all whom he could reach the salvation of Christ in which he so fervently believed.He was often intolerant of Xhosa customs he could not understand as well as often perplexed and discouraged. But the overwhelming impact of this record is what it took to be a missionary: courage, commitment, humour, resilience, a capacity to endure physical hardship and enjoy physical activity. All these were qualities which Robert John Mullins possessed in abundance. As his diary shows they were the qualities the frontier demanded. Working over a long period of time Nancy Charton and Brenda Nicholls (who became a coeditor in 1991) have transcribed the diary entries and the correspondence working with the help of the sites of some of the missionary activity. The help of members of the Mullins family (notably Judy Sturrock and her husband) is gratefully acknowledged. Earlier generous contributions made it possible to obtain a typescript from which the editors could work. Every effort has been made to identify the individuals (Xhosa, Tembu and white) and events (both in South Africa and abroad) which are alluded to in the diary. This was a time consuming task and the editors are grateful to all who helped them with it. The book consists of an introduction and eleven chapters. The introduction describes the material and the methods of the editors, discusses the religious and social conditions of the time, addresses the problems of interpartition presented by the cattle-killings, turns attention to the dilemmas of missionaries and then focusses the attention of readers on the diarist Robert John Mullins (with Jennie as later stand-in) as well as the value of the diary. There is much to interest the educationist, the theologian, the economist, and the historian. Chapter 1 deals with Mullins' voyage to the Cape in 1854 and the extracts record the experiences of an exuberant as well as a dedicated lad of sixteen. Chapter 2 deals with the arrival at the Cape in 1854. Chapter 3 gives us a picture of Mullins' experience of Graham's Town in 1854. Chapter 4 deals with Mullins' experience at St Luke's Mission. Chapter 5 covers the period of 1856-57 when Mullins was at Balotwa and the cattle-killing frenzy developed. Chapter 6 describes the hunger and turmoil which followed in the wake of the cattle-killing. Chapter 7 describes the founding of a new station, St Peter's Gwytyu. Chapter 8 is concerned with life at St Peter's in the early months of 1858. Chapter 9 covers the last months at St Peter's and his journey to the Bashee. Chapters 10 and 11 cover the early years in the married life of Robert John Mullins and his wife Jennie. The Mullins' delight in family life is strongly evident in their joy in each other's company and their anxious joy over their first-born baby. Chapter 11 gives the reader the texts of letters written by Robert John and his wife Jennie in the years which marked the end of Mullins' career as a frontier missionary, and the opening to him of the opportunity to become Principal of the Kafir Institution. A map carefully prepared by Mr Oakley West of the Geography Department, with the assistance of Deby Brody, enables the reader to trace the frontier journeys of Robert John Mullins and his wife Jennie who were among the pioneers of frontier societies who did their best to make available to others what they believed to be the eternal benefits of the Christian faith, and the accompanying mores of the 'western' culture of their day

Etude, en immuno-diffusion, de quelques propriétés antigéniques de souches de virus de « maladie muqueuse » bovine isolées en France

Faye P., Charton André, Bernard C., Le Layec Cl. Etude, en immuno-diffusion, de quelques propriétés antigéniques de souches de virus de «Maladie muqueuse» bovine isolées en France. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 123 n°9, 1970. pp. 409-413

Propriétés hémagglutinantes du « virus » de l’avortement enzootique des petits ruminants (souches de « Rakeia » d’origine ovine et caprine). Note préliminaire

— Un antigène purifié, préparé à partir de souches de « Rakeia » d’origine ovine et caprine entretenues en ovoculture, hémagglutine à pH 6, à 23°, sans élution spontanée, les érythrocytes de l’oie, non ceux d’Homme, de souris, de cobaye, de poussin d’un jour et de poulet. — Cette hémagglutination est inhibée par les antisérums spécifiques, à des titres analogues à ceux que l’on peut mesurer, dans les mêmes sérums, par d’autres réactions sérologiques (par exemple l’immunofluorescence)

Fréquence relative des isolements de virus de diverses familles chez des veaux malades ou apparemment sains, dans le département de l’Aube

Au cours d’une enquête consacrée, dans le département de l’Aube, à la « mortalité des veaux », plusieurs centaines de prélèvements sont effectués, sur 243 sujets sains ou malades. Vingt trois souches de virus, parmi lesquels Picornavirus, Paramyxovirus, Herpes virus, virus de la « maladie des muqueuses » sont isolées. La fré quence relative des isolements, en fonction des observations épizootiologiques et cliniques correspondantes, de l’âge des sujets, de la nature des prélèvements effectués, le rôle étiologique éventuel de ces divers virus, sont analysés et discutés

Application de Techniques de fluorescence et d'immunofluorescence a l'étude morphologique et immunologique de quelques souches de « virus » de l’avortement de la brebis (Rakeia ovis)

Faye P., Charton André, Le Layec Cl., Bernard C. Application de techniques de fluorescence et d’immunofluorescence à l’étude morphologique et immunologique de quelques souches de «Virus» de l’avortement de la Brebis (Rakeia ovis ). In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 121 n°9, 1968. pp. 363-371

Cétonémie physiologique de la brebis gestante

Charton André, Faye P., Hervy A., Bernard C., Gueslin M. Cétonémie physiologique de la Brebis gestante. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 118 n°10, 1965. pp. 489-496

Taux moyen du cholestérol sanguin et rapport cholestérol estérifié-cholestérol total chez la brebis adulte

Les taux sériques moyens du cholestérol total (0,61 g/l. 000 ml) du cholestérol estérifîé (0,26 g/l. 000 ml ± 0,1), le rapport choles térol estéri fié/cholestérol total (0,42 ± 0,16) chez la brebis sont faibles par rapport aux taux moyens mesurés chez la plupart des autres espèces. Les variations, nycthém érales, normales, sont importantes. Aucune différence n'apparaît entre les taux moyens calculés, d’après les mêmes femelles, selon qu’elles sont en gestation ou en lactation. Avec la méthode d’analyse utilisée, un taux de cholestérol total dépassant 0,80 g/l. 000 définit une hypercholestérolémie, un taux inférieur à 0,40 une hypocholestérolémie. Le rapport cholestérol estéri fié/cholestérol total est extrêmement variable : des chiffres extrêmes inférieurs à 0,1 ou supérieurs à 0,95 sont compatibles avec un état de santé normal

Lipémie (lipides totaux et indice d’iode) chez la brebis : limites des variations physiologiques

Charton André, Faye P., Hervy A., Bernard C., Gueslin M. Lipémie (Lipides totaux et indice d’iode), chez la brebis : limites des variations physiologiques. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 121 n°8, 1968. pp. 333-336