4 research outputs found
Etalonnage du Chemcatcher pour des pesticides
Le Chemcatcher apolaire a Ă©tĂ© Ă©talonnĂ© et largement Ă©tudiĂ© pour des composĂ©s tels que les HAP et PCB. Il existe en revanche trĂšs peu de donnĂ©es de calibration pour des pesticides hydrophobes. Les modĂšles cinĂ©tiques existants, basĂ©s sur des PRC du type HAP et la seule considĂ©ration du log Kow des substances ne permettent pas dâestimer convenablement les taux dâĂ©chantillonnage de la plupart de composĂ©s considĂ©rĂ©s durant cette Ă©tude. Ainsi, des rĂ©sultats acquis expĂ©rimentalement (constantes cinĂ©tiques et de distribution) sont prĂ©sentĂ©s et des limites pressenties du Chemcatcher apolaire vis-Ă -vis des pesticides dâintĂ©rĂȘt sont discutĂ©es
Etude de la contamination en pesticides et en Ă©lĂ©ments traces mĂ©talliques des bassins versants du Trec et de lâAuvĂ©zĂšre : application de lâĂ©chantillonnage intĂ©gratif passif : Rapport final synthĂšse campagnes 2012-2014
Pesticides have become a major component of modern agriculture and are largely use in many urban and domestic activities. These substances are found today in all compartments of the environment, particularly in aquatic environments. The emission and dispersion of active substances and their residues in the aquatic environment is potentially harmful to ecosystems, and their monitoring is then compulsory. The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires sampling and analysis, combining high sensitivity, accuracy and reliability, and must be easily implemented. Currently, the methodology consists of spot sampling (once a month, usually) of water bodies followed by laboratory analysis. This approach suffers from a lack of time representativeness, coupled to unsatisfactory analytical sensitivity for some substances. Passive sampling techniques developed over the last 20 years could be included in the regulatory monitoring networks in order to overcome these issues, but some questions still remain as to their applicability. This work aimed to develop and apply passive samplers like POCIS and DGT into two watersheds located in Adour-Garonne basin, in order to assess the contribution of these techniques over conventional spot sampling. Especially, a higher knowledge on the type of pressure (e.g. detection frequencies , main substances found in water) and a better understanding of the consequences of the establishment of agri-environmental measures (trend monitoring) are expected. This work has also provided information on the robustness of the data integrated over the time and the fraction sampled by these tools (e.g. labile complex for heavy metals). Finally, we examined the applicability of these tools in the context of the WFD, after setting a confidence interval associated with the time-weighted average concentrations estimates, and then we proposed a decision scheme for the comparison with environmental quality standards.Les pesticides sont devenus une composante majeure de lâagriculture moderne et se sont imposĂ©s dans de nombreuses activitĂ©s urbaines et domestiques. Ces substances se retrouvent aujourdâhui dans tous les compartiments de lâenvironnement notamment dans les milieux aquatiques. Le suivi resserrĂ© des substances actives et de leurs rĂ©sidus, prĂ©sents dans lâenvironnement Ă des concentrations potentiellement dommageables pour les Ă©cosystĂšmes, apparaĂźt aujourdâhui comme une nĂ©cessitĂ©. Lâapplication de la Directive cadre sur lâeau requiert des techniques dâĂ©chantillonnage et dâanalyse performantes, alliant haute sensibilitĂ©, facilitĂ© de mise Âœuvre, coĂ»ts abordables, et surtout prĂ©cision et fiabilitĂ©. Actuellement, la mĂ©thodologie employĂ©e consiste en des prĂ©lĂšvements ponctuels dâeau (une fois par mois en gĂ©nĂ©ral) suivi de lâanalyse en laboratoire. Cette approche souffre dâun manque de reprĂ©sentativitĂ© temporelle, couplĂ©e Ă une sensibilitĂ© analytique parfois peu satisfaisante. Les techniques dâĂ©chantillonnage passif dĂ©veloppĂ©es au cours des 20 derniĂšres annĂ©es pourraient ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©es dans les rĂ©seaux de surveillance rĂ©glementaire afin de pallier ces manques, mais des questions subsistent encore quant Ă leur opĂ©rationnalitĂ©. Ces travaux ont visĂ© Ă dĂ©velopper puis tester des Ă©chantillonneurs passifs du type POCIS et DGT au niveau de deux bassin versants, situĂ©s en Adour-Garonne, afin de juger de lâapport de ces techniques, par rapport aux prĂ©lĂšvements ponctuels classiques, dans le but de fournir davantage de connaissance sur le type de pression (e.g. frĂ©quences de dĂ©tections, substances phytosanitaires majoritairement retrouvĂ©es dans les eaux) et mieux apprĂ©hender les consĂ©quences de la mise en place de mesures agro-environnementales (suivi de tendance). Ces travaux ont Ă©galement fourni des renseignements sur la robustesse de la donnĂ©e intĂ©grĂ©e dans le temps et la fraction Ă©chantillonnĂ©e par ces outils (e.g. complexes labiles pour les Ă©lĂ©ments trace mĂ©talliques). Enfin, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă lâapplicabilitĂ© de ces outils dans le cadre de la DCE, aprĂšs avoir dĂ©fini un intervalle de confiance associĂ© aux concentrations moyennes estimĂ©es dans le temps, puis proposĂ© un schĂ©ma dĂ©cisionnel en lien avec le rapportage et la comparaison avec les normes de qualitĂ© environnementales
L'Ă©Ìchantillonnage passif pour le suivi rĂ©glementaire de la contamination en pesticides des eaux de surface: intĂ©rĂȘt et limites
National audiencePesticides have been used in agriculture and urban activities since the 1950s because they are cheap, easy to use and very efficient. But this intensive use has led to diffuse contamination of environmental compartments (air, soil, water). The presence of these molecules can lead to toxic effects for biota or affect human use of water. The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the use of an efficient monitoring network, based on reliable sampling and analytical techniques. Nowadays, grab sampling followed by extraction of analytes and chromatographic analysis is the most widespread strategy because of its simplicity of implementation but it also has numerous drawbacks. The crux of the issue lies in the lack of temporal representativeness and the low analytical sensitivity. An alternative strategy to overcome some of these problems could be the use of passive samplers. This contribution aims at discussing the possible application of passive samplers in regulatory monitoring programs. After a brief review of the regulatory aspects of the WFD and the main characteristics of passive samplers, two examples of the implementation of a passive sampler (Polar organic chemical integrative sampler or Pocis) in the field are detailed. These field studies showed that Pocis can be adapted to the two components of the WFD, namely surveillance control and operational control, although some regulatory or technical adjustments are still needed. Passive sampling could therefore be used in addition to current practices fora better monitoring of surface water quality. © 2018 Assoc. Generale des Hygienistes et Techniciens Municipaux. All rights reserved
Deux stratégies d'échantillonnage pour une vue d'ensemble de la contamination des eaux douces par les pesticides au sein d'un bassin versant agricole
International audienceTwo headwaters located in southwest France were monitored for 3 and 2 years (AuvézÚre and Aixette watershed, respectively) with two sampling strategies: grab and passive sampling with polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS). These watersheds are rural and characterized by agricultural areas with similar breeding practices, except that the AuvézÚre watershed contains apple production for agricultural diversification and the downstream portion of the Aixette watershed is in a peri-urban area. The agricultural activities of both are extensive, i.e., with limited supply of fertilizer and pesticides. The sampling strategies used here give specific information: grab samples for higher pesticide content and POCIS for contamination background noise and number of compounds found. Agricultural catchments in small headwater streams are characterized by a background noise of pesticide contamination in the range of 20-70 ng/L, but there may also be transient and high-peak pesticide contamination (2000-3000 ng/L) caused by rain events, poor use of pesticides, and/or the small size of the water body. This study demonstrates that between two specific runoff events, contamination was low; hence the importance of passive sampler use. While the peak pesticide concentrations seen here are a toxicity risk for aquatic life, the pesticide background noise of single compounds do not pose obvious acute nor chronic risks; however, this study did not consider the risk from synergistic "cocktail" effects. Proper tools and sampling strategies may link watershed activities (agricultural, non-agricultural) to pesticides detected in the water, and data from both grab and passive samples can contribute to discussions on environmental effects in headwaters, an area of great importance for biodiversity