Distributing program entities in Ada

In any discussion of distributing programs and entities of programs written in a high order language (HOL), certain issues need to be included because they are generally independent of the particular language involved and have a direct impact on the feasibility of distribution. Of special interest is the distribution of Ada program entities, but many of the issues involved are not specific to Ada and would require resolution whether written in PASCAL, PL/1, Concurrent PASCAL, HAL/S, or any language which provides similar functionality. The following sections will enumerate some of these issues, and will show in what ways they relate to Ada. Also, some (but by no means all) of the issues involved in the distribution of Ada programs and program entities will be discussed

Studies on nerve cells. I. The molluscan nerve cell, together with summaries of recent literature on the cytology of invertebrate nerve cells

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STUDENT AND SCHOOL CORRELATES OF MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT: MODELS OF SCHOOL PERFORMANCE BASED ON PAN‐ CANADIAN STUDENT ASSESSMENT

This study explored the relationships between student achievement and student, school and home variables from the pan‐Canadian assessment program administered by the Council of Ministers of Education Canada (CMEC): the School Achievement Indicators Program (SAIP) Mathematics 2001. The study also evaluated the datasets used in relationship to their utility for statistical modeling of school performance. Student beliefs about mathematics are positively related to mathematics achievement for both age groups and for both domains of mathematics. As students’ use of instructional supports (parental assistance with mathematics homework, computers in the mathematics classroom) increases, there is an associated decrease in mathematics scores. Key words: student achievement, school performance, multilevel modeling. Dans cet article, les auteurs explorent les relations entre le rendement scolaire et certaines caractéristiques des élèves, des écoles et de l’environnement familial à partir des données du programme d’évaluation pancanadien du Conseil des ministres de lʹÉducation (Canada) (CMEC), le Programme d’indicateurs du rendement scolaire (PIRS) 2001 en mathématiques. L’étude évalue également les bases de données au regard de leur pertinence pour la modélisation statistique de la performance scolaire. Les auteurs notent une corrélation directe entre les idées que se font les élèves au sujet des mathématiques et le rendement en mathématiques tant pour les groupes d’âge que pour les domaines des mathématiques. Plus les élèves font appel à du soutien pédagogique (aide des parents pour les devoirs de mathématiques, ordinateurs dans les classes de mathématiques), plus les notes en mathématiques diminuent. Mots clés : rendement des élèves, performance scolaire, modélisation à multiples niveaux.

Divergence and Convergence in Scarf Cycle Environments: Experiments and Predictability in the Dynamics of General Equilibrium Systems

Previous experimental work demonstrates the power of classical theories of economic dynamics to accurately characterize equilibration in multiple market systems. Building on the literature, this study examines the behavior of experimental continuous double auction markets in convergence-challenging environments identified by Scarf (1960) and Hirota (1981). The experiments provide insight into two important economic questions: (a) do markets necessarily converge to a unique interior equilibrium? and (b) which model, among a set of classical specifications, most accurately characterizes observed price dynamics? We observe excess demand driven prices spiraling outwardly away from the interior equilibrium prices as predicted by the theory of disequilibrium price dynamics. We estimate a structural model establishing that partial equilibrium dynamics characterize price changes even in an unstable general equilibrium environment. We observe linkages between excess demand in one market and price changes in another market but the sign of expected price change in a market does not depend on the magnitude of excess demand in other markets unless disequilibrium is severe