Dog-bone copper specimens prepared by one-step spark plasma sintering

Copper dog-bone specimens are prepared by one-step spark plasma sintering (SPS). For the same SPS cycle, the influence of the nature of the die (graphite or WC–Co) on the microstructure, microhardness, and tensile strength is investigated. All samples exhibit a high Vickers microhardness and high ultimate tensile strength. A numerical electro-thermal model is developed, based on experimental data inputs such as simultaneous temperature and electrical measurements at several key locations in the SPS stack, to evaluate the temperature and current distributions for both dies. Microstructural characterizations show that samples prepared using the WC–Co die exhibit a larger grain size, pointing out that it reached a higher temperature during the SPS cycle. This is confirmed by numerical simulations demonstrating that with the WC–Co die, the experimental sample temperature at the beginning of the dwell is higher than the experimental control temperature measured at the outer surface of the die. This difference is mostly ascribed to a high vertical thermal contact resistance and a higher current density flowing through the WC–Co punch/die interface. Indeed, simulations show that current density is maximal just outside the copper sample when using the WC–Co die, whereas by contrast, with the graphite die, current density tends to flow through the copper sample. These results are guidelines for the direct, one-step, preparation of complex-shaped samples by SPS which avoids waste and minimizes machinin

Haematologica

Not available

Positron emission tomography-imaging assessment for guiding strategy in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma receiving CAR T cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of the F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response at 1 month (M1) and 3 months (M3) after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in a multicenter cohort of 160 patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphomas (R/R LBCL). In total, 119 (75%) patients reached M1 evaluation; 64 (53%, 64/119) had a complete response (CR); 91% were Deauville Score (DS) 1-3. Progressionfree survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly worse in patients with DS-5 at M1, than in patients with DS 1-3 (PFS hazard ratio [HR]=6.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5-11.5 vs. OS HR=3.79, 95% CI: 1.7-8.5) and DS-4 (PFS HR=11.99, 95% CI: 5.0-28.9 vs. OS HR=12.49, 95% CI: 2.8-55.8). The 1-year PFS rates were 78.9% (95% CI: 58.9-89.9) for DS-4 at M1, similar to 67.3% (95% CI: 51.8-78.8) for patients with DS 1-3 at M1, very different to 8.6% (95% CI: 1.8-22.4) for DS-5, respectively. Only eight of 30 (26%) patients with DS-4 progressed. Response at M3 evaluated in 90 (57%) patients was prognostic for PFS with lower discrimination (HR=3.28, 95% CI: 1.5-7.0; P=0.003) but did not predict OS (HR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.2-2.3; P=0.45). Patients with a high baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) >80 mL had worse PFS (HR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.2-3.5; P=0.009) and OS (HR=4.52, 95% CI: 2.5-8.1; P80 mL, and DS-5 at M1 for OS. In conclusion, baseline TMTV and response at M1 strongly predicts outcomes of patients with R/R LBCL undergoing CAR T-cell therapy

Apport de l’imagerie fonctionnelle par TEP dans la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique du myélome multiple et comparaison à l’IRM de diffusion

Therapeutic changes over the past decade have contributed to an improvement in the survival of Multiple Myeloma (MM). Newer whole-body imaging techniques, such as 18-FDG PET-CT (PET-FDG) and MRI, have replaced radiological surveys for diagnostic purposes but also therapeutic evaluation. However, each of these modalities has its limits. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), analysis of tumor heterogeneity with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) as well as the development of new PET radiotracers are three important ways that may contribute to improve MM patient’s management. The general objective of this work was to assess the contribution of these new approaches during the initial diagnosis of MM as well as during therapeutic evaluation.The first part of this work was to prospectively compare the detection of focal bone lesions by FDG-PET and DW-MRI in a population of newly diagnosed MM. The second part of this work was to assess the contribution of radiomics coupled to AI for the diagnosis of diffuse bone marrow disease in FDG-PET. The third part of this work was devoted to the prospective comparison of the prognostic values of FDG-PET and DW-MRI during the therapeutic evaluation of MM eligible to autologous stem cell transplantation. The last part describes the protocol that aims at comparing the performance of 18F-Fluorocholine PET-CT and FDG-PET in the initial work-up of MM.Les changements thérapeutiques durant la dernière décennie ont contribué à une amélioration de la survie du Myélome Multiple (MM). Cela s’est accompagné de l’utilisation de nouveaux outils d’imagerie corps-entier, tels que la TEP-TDM au 18-FDG (TEP-FDG) et l’IRM, remplaçant les radiographies standards, à des fins diagnostiques mais également d’évaluation thérapeutique. Chacune de ces modalités présente cependant ses limites. L’imagerie de diffusion en IRM, l’analyse de l’hétérogénéité tumorale aidée des techniques d’intelligence artificielle (IA) ainsi que le développement de nouveaux radiotraceurs TEP sont trois voies d’explorations importantes pouvant contribuer à une meilleure prise en charge du MM. L’objectif général de ce travail a été d’évaluer l’apport de ces nouvelles approches lors du diagnostic initial du MM ainsi que lors de l’évaluation thérapeutique. La première partie de ce travail a été de comparer prospectivement dans une population de myélomes multiples de novo la détection des lésions osseuses focales par TEP-FDG et IRM de diffusion corps-entier (DW-MRI). La deuxième partie de travail a été d’évaluer l’apport de la Radiomique couplée à pour le diagnostic de l’atteinte ostéo-médullaire diffuse en TEP-FDG. La troisième partie de ce travail a été consacré à la comparaison prospective des valeurs pronostiques de la TEP-FDG et de la DW-MRI lors de l’évaluation thérapeutique du MM éligible à une autogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (ASCT). La dernière partie décrit le protocole comparant les performances de la TEP-TDM à la 18F-Fluorocholine (FCH) à la TEP-TDM au 18-FDG dans le bilan initial du myélome multiple

Study of the role of functional imaging with Positron Emission Tomography in Multiple Myeloma and comparison to Diffusion-Weighted MRI

Les changements thérapeutiques durant la dernière décennie ont contribué à une amélioration de la survie du Myélome Multiple (MM). Cela s’est accompagné de l’utilisation de nouveaux outils d’imagerie corps-entier, tels que la TEP-TDM au 18-FDG (TEP-FDG) et l’IRM, remplaçant les radiographies standards, à des fins diagnostiques mais également d’évaluation thérapeutique. Chacune de ces modalités présente cependant ses limites. L’imagerie de diffusion en IRM, l’analyse de l’hétérogénéité tumorale aidée des techniques d’intelligence artificielle (IA) ainsi que le développement de nouveaux radiotraceurs TEP sont trois voies d’explorations importantes pouvant contribuer à une meilleure prise en charge du MM. L’objectif général de ce travail a été d’évaluer l’apport de ces nouvelles approches lors du diagnostic initial du MM ainsi que lors de l’évaluation thérapeutique. La première partie de ce travail a été de comparer prospectivement dans une population de myélomes multiples de novo la détection des lésions osseuses focales par TEP-FDG et IRM de diffusion corps-entier (DW-MRI). La deuxième partie de travail a été d’évaluer l’apport de la Radiomique couplée à pour le diagnostic de l’atteinte ostéo-médullaire diffuse en TEP-FDG. La troisième partie de ce travail a été consacré à la comparaison prospective des valeurs pronostiques de la TEP-FDG et de la DW-MRI lors de l’évaluation thérapeutique du MM éligible à une autogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (ASCT). La dernière partie décrit le protocole comparant les performances de la TEP-TDM à la 18F-Fluorocholine (FCH) à la TEP-TDM au 18-FDG dans le bilan initial du myélome multiple.Therapeutic changes over the past decade have contributed to an improvement in the survival of Multiple Myeloma (MM). Newer whole-body imaging techniques, such as 18-FDG PET-CT (PET-FDG) and MRI, have replaced radiological surveys for diagnostic purposes but also therapeutic evaluation. However, each of these modalities has its limits. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), analysis of tumor heterogeneity with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) as well as the development of new PET radiotracers are three important ways that may contribute to improve MM patient’s management. The general objective of this work was to assess the contribution of these new approaches during the initial diagnosis of MM as well as during therapeutic evaluation.The first part of this work was to prospectively compare the detection of focal bone lesions by FDG-PET and DW-MRI in a population of newly diagnosed MM. The second part of this work was to assess the contribution of radiomics coupled to AI for the diagnosis of diffuse bone marrow disease in FDG-PET. The third part of this work was devoted to the prospective comparison of the prognostic values of FDG-PET and DW-MRI during the therapeutic evaluation of MM eligible to autologous stem cell transplantation. The last part describes the protocol that aims at comparing the performance of 18F-Fluorocholine PET-CT and FDG-PET in the initial work-up of MM

Lymphome de Hodgkin (évaluation de l'intérêt d'une TEP de fin de traitement lorsque la TEP intermédiaire est négative, étude rétrospective bicentrique)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Choline PET/CT in Multiple Myeloma

The field of multiple myeloma (MM) imaging has evolved. The International Myeloma Working Group recently recommended performing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose glucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with the aim of staging MM patients at baseline and evaluating response to therapy. Novel oncological radiotracers such as 11C-Choline and 18F-Fluorocholine, have been studied in comparison with 18FDG, mostly in MM patients presenting with refractory disease or suspected relapse. Choline-based tracers may overcome some limitations of 18FDG, which include a lack of sensitivity in depicting skull lesions and the fact that 10% of MM patients are FDG-negative. The majority of MM lesions display a higher uptake of Choline than FDG. Also, in many situations, Choline may offer better lesion visualization, with a higher tumor to background ratio; however, various patterns of Choline and FDG uptake have been observed in MM and some limitations, notably as regards liver lesions, should be recognized. Overall, Choline may provide additional detection of up to 75% more lesions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the potential role of Choline in multiple myeloma, as compared to FDG, encompassing Choline physiopathology as well as data from clinical studies

Prospective Comparison of 18-FDG PET/CT and Whole-Body MRI with Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Treatment Response of Multiple Myeloma Patients Eligible for Autologous Stem Cell Transplant

To compare the prognostic values of 18-FDG PET/CT (FDG-PET) and Whole-Body MRI with Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (WB-DW-MRI) in the evaluation of treatment response of Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients eligible for ASCT. Thirty patients with newly diagnosed MM prospectively underwent FDG-PET and WB-DW-MRI at baseline, after induction chemotherapy and after ASCT. Response on WB-DW-MRI was evaluated with the MY-RADS criteria. FDG-PET was considered positive if residual uptake was superior to liver uptake. Imaging results were not used for treatment modification. The impact of imaging results on PFS was analyzed. After a median follow-up of 32 months, 10 patients relapsed. With WB-DW-MRI, post-induction examination was positive in 3/25 and post-ASCT examination was positive in 3/27 patients. However, neither study showed prognostic impact on PFS. FDG-PET was positive in 5/22 post-induction and 3/26 patients post-ASCT, respectively. Positivity of FDG-PET, post-induction or post-ASCT, was associated with a shorter PFS (post-induction: median PFS 19 months vs. not reached, log-rank p = 0.0089; post-ASCT: median PFS 18 months vs. not reached, log-rank p = 0.0005). Preliminary results from this small, single-center, prospective study show that, whether performed post-induction or post-ASCT, FDG-PET has a higher prognostic value than WB-DW-MRI for treatment response evaluation of newly diagnosed MM

Exp Hematol Oncol

Thrombocytopenia occurs in 60% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), increasing the risk of life-threatening haemorrhage in this population of mainly old patients with comorbidities. However, data are scare regarding immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) secondary to MDS. We analyzed the utility of indium-111 platelet scintigraphy (IPS) to better characterize the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in 21 adult patients with MDS. Adult patients with a definite diagnosis of MDS according to the international criteria who underwent IPS between 2009 and 2018 because of an increased bleeding risk were retrospectively selected. Autologous 111Indium platelet labelling was performed with a technique similar to that described previously using a standardized method. Platelet lifespan ≤ 6 days identified patients with peripheral platelet destruction. Taking into account the response to ITP-directed therapies after IPS, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of IPS were 100%, 84.6%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. We show that IPS can be a useful tool to identify the mechanism and guide treatment of a chronic thrombocytopenia increasing the bleeding risk in patients with MDS

Utility of indium-111 platelet scintigraphy for understanding the mechanism of thrombocytopenia associated with myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

International audienceBackground: Thrombocytopenia occurs in 60% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), increasing the risk of life-threatening haemorrhage in this population of mainly old patients with comorbidities. However, data are scare regarding immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) secondary to MDS.Aim: We analyzed the utility of indium-111 platelet scintigraphy (IPS) to better characterize the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in 21 adult patients with MDS.Methods: Adult patients with a definite diagnosis of MDS according to the international criteria who underwent IPS between 2009 and 2018 because of an increased bleeding risk were retrospectively selected. Autologous 111Indium platelet labelling was performed with a technique similar to that described previously using a standardized method.Results: Platelet lifespan ≤ 6 days identified patients with peripheral platelet destruction. Taking into account the response to ITP-directed therapies after IPS, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of IPS were 100%, 84.6%, 80%, and 100%, respectively.Conclusion: We show that IPS can be a useful tool to identify the mechanism and guide treatment of a chronic thrombocytopenia increasing the bleeding risk in patients with MD