N- to C-sulfonyl photoisomerisation of dihydropyridinones : a synthetic and mechanistic study

The authors thank the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) ERC Grant Agreement no. 279850 (CF and JET) and EPSRC grant number EP/J018139/1 (DSBD) for funding. ADS thanks the Royal Society for a Wolfson Research Merit Award.The scope and limitations of a photoinitiated N- to C-sulfonyl migration process within a range of dihydropyridinones is assessed. This sulfonyl transfer proceeds without erosion of either diastereo- or enantiocontrol, and is general across a range of N-sulfonyl substituents (SO2R; R = Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4, 4-NO2C6H4, Me, Et) as well as C(3)-(aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl and alkenyl) and C(4)-(aryl and ester) substitution. Crossover reactions indicate an intermolecular step is operative within the formal migration process, although no crossover from C-sulfonyl products was observed. EPR studies indicate the intermediacy of a sulfonyl radical and a mechanism is proposed based upon these observations.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Design Notations for Creating Virtual Environment

In this paper we propose a new design notation to improve communication in teams creating virtual environments (VEs). Our experience in creating VEs is that the programmers and designers have no common formalisms which results in ambiguity and misunderstanding in creating the final VE. After teaching a selection of specification techniques to design students, we realized that we needed to create our own formalism. This we used with designers who found the notation useful and intuitive. More importantly, the programmers were able to interpret the formalism more accurately and reduce the time required to create virtual environments

A Tractable Experimental Model for Study of Human and Animal Scabies

Scabies, a neglected parasitic disease caused by the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is a major driving force behind bacterial skin infections in tropical settings. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are nearly twenty times more likely to die from acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease than individuals from the wider Australian community. These conditions are caused by bacterial pathogens such as Group A streptococci, which have been linked to underlying scabies infestations. Community based initiatives to reduce scabies and associated disease have expanded, but have been threatened in recent years by emerging drug resistance. Critical biological questions surrounding scabies remain unanswered due to a lack of biomedical research. This has been due in part to a lack of either a suitable animal model or an in vitro culture system for scabies mites. The pig/mite model reported here will be a much needed resource for parasite material and will facilitate in vivo studies on host immune responses to scabies, including relations to associated bacterial pathogenesis, and more detailed studies of molecular evolution and host adaptation. It represents the missing tool to extrapolate emerging molecular data into an in vivo setting and may well allow the development of clinical interventions

Artificial intelligence in nursing: Priorities and opportunities from an international invitational think‐tank of the Nursing and Artificial Intelligence Leadership Collaborative

Funder: Fondation Brocher; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007461Funder: Leverhulme Centre for the Future of IntelligenceAbstract: Aim: To develop a consensus paper on the central points of an international invitational think‐tank on nursing and artificial intelligence (AI). Methods: We established the Nursing and Artificial Intelligence Leadership (NAIL) Collaborative, comprising interdisciplinary experts in AI development, biomedical ethics, AI in primary care, AI legal aspects, philosophy of AI in health, nursing practice, implementation science, leaders in health informatics practice and international health informatics groups, a representative of patients and the public, and the Chair of the ITU/WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health. The NAIL Collaborative convened at a 3‐day invitational think tank in autumn 2019. Activities included a pre‐event survey, expert presentations and working sessions to identify priority areas for action, opportunities and recommendations to address these. In this paper, we summarize the key discussion points and notes from the aforementioned activities. Implications for nursing: Nursing's limited current engagement with discourses on AI and health posts a risk that the profession is not part of the conversations that have potentially significant impacts on nursing practice. Conclusion: There are numerous gaps and a timely need for the nursing profession to be among the leaders and drivers of conversations around AI in health systems. Impact: We outline crucial gaps where focused effort is required for nursing to take a leadership role in shaping AI use in health systems. Three priorities were identified that need to be addressed in the near future: (a) Nurses must understand the relationship between the data they collect and AI technologies they use; (b) Nurses need to be meaningfully involved in all stages of AI: from development to implementation; and (c) There is a substantial untapped and an unexplored potential for nursing to contribute to the development of AI technologies for global health and humanitarian efforts

Artificial intelligence in nursing: Priorities and opportunities from an international invitational think-tank of the Nursing and Artificial Intelligence Leadership Collaborative

Aim To develop a consensus paper on the central points of an international invitational think-tank on nursing and artificial intelligence (AI).Methods We established the Nursing and Artificial Intelligence Leadership (NAIL) Collaborative, comprising interdisciplinary experts in AI development, biomedical ethics, AI in primary care, AI legal aspects, philosophy of AI in health, nursing practice, implementation science, leaders in health informatics practice and international health informatics groups, a representative of patients and the public, and the Chair of the ITU/WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health. The NAIL Collaborative convened at a 3-day invitational think tank in autumn 2019. Activities included a pre-event survey, expert presentations and working sessions to identify priority areas for action, opportunities and recommendations to address these. In this paper, we summarize the key discussion points and notes from the aforementioned activities.Implications for nursing Nursing's limited current engagement with discourses on AI and health posts a risk that the profession is not part of the conversations that have potentially significant impacts on nursing practice.Conclusion There are numerous gaps and a timely need for the nursing profession to be among the leaders and drivers of conversations around AI in health systems.Impact We outline crucial gaps where focused effort is required for nursing to take a leadership role in shaping AI use in health systems. Three priorities were identified that need to be addressed in the near future: (a) Nurses must understand the relationship between the data they collect and AI technologies they use; (b) Nurses need to be meaningfully involved in all stages of AI: from development to implementation; and (c) There is a substantial untapped and an unexplored potential for nursing to contribute to the development of AI technologies for global health and humanitarian efforts

Scabies mite inactivated serine protease paralogues are present both internally in the mite gut and externally in feces

The scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, is the causative agent of scabies, a disease that is common among disadvantaged populations and facilitates streptococcal infections with serious sequelae. Previously, we encountered large families of genes encoding paralogues of house dust mite protease allergens with their catalytic sites inactivated by mutation (scabies mite inactivated protease paralogues [SMIPPs]). We postulated that SMIPPs have evolved as an adaptation to the parasitic lifestyle of the scabies mite, functioning as competitive inhibitors of proteases involved in the host–parasite interaction. To propose testable hypotheses for their functions, it is essential to know their locations in the mite. Here we show by immunohistochemistry that SMIPPs exist in two compartments: 1) internal to the mite in the gut and 2) external to the mite after excretion from the gut in scybala (fecal pellets). SMIPPs may well function in both of these compartments to evade host proteases

N- to C-sulfonyl photoisomerisation of dihydropyridinones:a synthetic and mechanistic study

The scope and limitations of a photoinitiated N- to C-sulfonyl migration process within a range of dihydropyridinones is assessed. This sulfonyl transfer proceeds without erosion of either diastereo- or enantiocontrol, and is general across a range of N-sulfonyl substituents (SO2R; R = Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4, 4-NO2C6H4, Me, Et) as well as C(3)-(aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl and alkenyl) and C(4)-(aryl and ester) substitution. Crossover reactions indicate an intermolecular step is operative within the formal migration process, although no crossover from C-sulfonyl products was observed. EPR studies indicate the intermediacy of a sulfonyl radical and a mechanism is proposed based upon these observations

Artificial intelligence in nursing: Priorities and opportunities from an international invitational think-tank of the Nursing and Artificial Intelligence Leadership Collaborative.

AIM: To develop a consensus paper on the central points of an international invitational think-tank on nursing and artificial intelligence (AI). METHODS: We established the Nursing and Artificial Intelligence Leadership (NAIL) Collaborative, comprising interdisciplinary experts in AI development, biomedical ethics, AI in primary care, AI legal aspects, philosophy of AI in health, nursing practice, implementation science, leaders in health informatics practice and international health informatics groups, a representative of patients and the public, and the Chair of the ITU/WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health. The NAIL Collaborative convened at a 3-day invitational think tank in autumn 2019. Activities included a pre-event survey, expert presentations and working sessions to identify priority areas for action, opportunities and recommendations to address these. In this paper, we summarize the key discussion points and notes from the aforementioned activities. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nursing's limited current engagement with discourses on AI and health posts a risk that the profession is not part of the conversations that have potentially significant impacts on nursing practice. CONCLUSION: There are numerous gaps and a timely need for the nursing profession to be among the leaders and drivers of conversations around AI in health systems. IMPACT: We outline crucial gaps where focused effort is required for nursing to take a leadership role in shaping AI use in health systems. Three priorities were identified that need to be addressed in the near future: (a) Nurses must understand the relationship between the data they collect and AI technologies they use; (b) Nurses need to be meaningfully involved in all stages of AI: from development to implementation; and (c) There is a substantial untapped and an unexplored potential for nursing to contribute to the development of AI technologies for global health and humanitarian efforts.Leverhulme Trus