Decentralized P2P Energy Trading Under Network Constraints in a Low-Voltage Network

The increasing uptake of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution systems and the rapid advance of technology have established new scenarios in the operation of low-voltage networks. In particular, recent trends in cryptocurrencies and blockchain have led to a proliferation of peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading schemes, which allow the exchange of energy between the neighbors without any intervention of a conventional intermediary in the transactions. Nevertheless, far too little attention has been paid to the technical constraints of the network under this scenario. A major challenge to implementing P2P energy trading is that of ensuring that network constraints are not violated during the energy exchange. This paper proposes a methodology based on sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of P2P transactions on the network and to guarantee an exchange of energy that does not violate network constraints. The proposed method is tested on a typical UK low-voltage network. The results show that our method ensures that energy is exchanged between users under the P2P scheme without violating the network constraints, and that users can still capture the economic benefits of the P2P architecture

Impact study of prosumers on loadability and voltage stability of future grids

Feed-in-tariffs (FiTs) have been reduced due to combinations of economic and technical reasons. So, existing and new rooftop-photovoltaic (PV) owners are left with the option to either concede the low value arrangement or to use battery storage to maximise their self-consumption, and so minimise their electricity cost. This paper explores the effect of increasing penetration of residential battery systems on balancing and voltage stability of future grid (FG) scenarios. For this purpose, a generic demand model based on a Stackelberg game is employed to capture the interaction between an independent system operator (ISO) and prosumers. In this arrangement, the ISO attempts to minimise the total generation cost, whereas the prosumers aim to maximise their self-consumption by reducing their feed-in power. As a case study, we use the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) to explore the impact of increased penetration of residential battery system on performance of the grid in 2020

Generic demand model considering the impact of prosumers for future grid scenario analysis

IEEE The increasing uptake of residential PV-battery systems is bound to significantly change demand patterns of future power systems and, consequently, their dynamic performance. In this paper, we propose a generic demand model that captures the aggregated effect of a large population of price-responsive users equipped with small-scale PV-battery systems, called prosumers, for market simulation in future grid scenario analysis. The model is formulated as a bi-level program in which the upper-level unit commitment problem minimizes the total generation cost, and the lower-level problem maximizes prosumers & #x2019; aggregate self-consumption. Unlike in the existing bi-level optimization frameworks that focus on the interaction between the wholesale market and an aggregator, the coupling is through the prosumers & #x2019; demand, not through the electricity price. That renders the proposed model market structure agnostic, making it suitable for future grid studies where the market structure is potentially unknown. As a case study, we perform steady-state voltage stability analysis of a simplified model of the Australian National Electricity Market with significant penetration of renewable generation. The simulation results show that a high prosumer penetration changes the demand profile in ways that significantly improve the system loadability, which confirms the suitability of the proposed model for future grid studies