DocStormer: Revitalizing Multi-Degraded Colored Document Images to Pristine PDF

For capturing colored document images, e.g. posters and magazines, it is common that multiple degradations such as shadows, wrinkles, etc., are simultaneously introduced due to external factors. Restoring multi-degraded colored document images is a great challenge, yet overlooked, as most existing algorithms focus on enhancing color-ignored document images via binarization. Thus, we propose DocStormer, a novel algorithm designed to restore multi-degraded colored documents to their potential pristine PDF. The contributions are: firstly, we propose a "Perceive-then-Restore" paradigm with a reinforced transformer block, which more effectively encodes and utilizes the distribution of degradations. Secondly, we are the first to utilize GAN and pristine PDF magazine images to narrow the distribution gap between the enhanced results and PDF images, in pursuit of less degradation and better visual quality. Thirdly, we propose a non-parametric strategy, PFILI, which enables a smaller training scale and larger testing resolutions with acceptable detail trade-off, while saving memory and inference time. Fourthly, we are the first to propose a novel Multi-Degraded Colored Document image Enhancing dataset, named MD-CDE, for both training and evaluation. Experimental results show that the DocStormer exhibits superior performance, capable of revitalizing multi-degraded colored documents into their potential pristine digital versions, which fills the current academic gap from the perspective of method, data, and task

Computational fluid dynamics: a practical approach

Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Approach, Third Edition, is an introduction to CFD fundamentals and commercial CFD software to solve engineering problems. The book is designed for a wide variety of engineering students new to CFD, and for practicing engineers learning CFD for the first time. Combining an appropriate level of mathematical background, worked examples, computer screen shots, and step-by-step processes, this book walks the reader through modeling and computing, as well as interpreting CFD results. This new edition has been updated throughout, with new content and improved figures, examples and problems

Research on the Utilization of Saline Alkali Water Resources Based on Two-Phase Flow

In order to reasonably use solar energy to solve problems such as land desertification and soil salinization in Southern Xinjiang, this paper proposes a system combining photothermal and flash evaporation technologies, which use local saline water for desalination treatment to achieve secondary utilization of water resources. Firstly, we introduce the whole system of the photovoltaic desalination plant. As an important heat-collecting element of the system, the solar tube is the key to whether this plant can work efficiently. Then, we carry out the detection and theoretical derivation of data along the tube. We establish a two-phase flow model of saline water in the tube, considering convective heat transfer, and define the formula of the heat collecting efficiency factor. Finally, based on iterative calculation, the temperature trend of the tube and the change law of the two-phase flow are obtained, and the ecological and economic benefits and energy efficiency of the system are analyzed

The Role of H2-Calponin Antigen in Cancer Metastasis: Presence of Autoantibodies in Liver Cancer Patients

To investigate the potential of H2-calponin (CNN2) as a serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this study employed the serological analysis of recombinantly expressed cDNA clone (SEREX) technique to identify the presence of CNN2 antibody in the serum of patients with HCC and other tumors. The CNN2 protein was produced through genetic engineering and used as an antigen to determine the positive rate of serum CNN2 autoantibodies via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of CNN2 in cells and tissues were evaluated using RT-PCR, in situ RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry methods. The HCC group exhibited a significantly higher positive rate of anti-CNN2 antibody (54.8%) compared to gastric cancer (6.5%), lung cancer (3.2%), rectal cancer (9.7%), hepatitis (3.2%), liver cirrhosis (3.2%), and normal tissues (3.1%). The positive rates of CNN2 mRNA in HCC with metastasis, non-metastatic HCC, lung cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis were 56.67%, 41.67%, 17.5%, 10.0%, 20.0%, 53.13%, and 41.67%, respectively. Meanwhile, the positive rates of CNN2 protein were 63.33%, 37.5%, 17.5%, 27.5%, 45%, 31.25%, and 20.83%, respectively. The down-regulation of CNN2 could inhibit the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. CNN2 is a newly identified HCC-associated antigen that is implicated in the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells, making it a promising target for liver cancer therapy

Barley FASCIATED EAR genes determine inflorescence meristem size and yield traits

In flowering plants, the inflorescence meristem (IM) provides founder cells to form successive floral meristems, which are precursors of fruits and seeds. The activity and developmental progression of IM are thus critical for yield production in seed crops. In some cereals, such as rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays), the size of undifferentiated IM, which is located at the inflorescence apex, is positively associated with yield traits such as spikelet number. However, the relationship between IM size and yield-related spike traits remains unknown in the Triticeae tribe. Here we report that IM size has a negative correlation with yield traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Three FASCIATED EAR (FEA) orthologs, HvFEA2, HvFEA3, and HvFEA4, regulate IM size and spike morphogenesis and ultimately affect yield traits. Three HvFEAs genes are highly expressed in developing spikes, and all three loss-of-function mutants exhibit enlarged IM size, shortened spikes, and reduced spikelet number, which may lead to reduced grain yield. Natural variations identified in HvFEAs indicate selection events during barley domestication. We further reveal that HvFEA4, as a transcription factor, potentially targets multiple pathways during reproductive development, including transcriptional control, phytohormone signaling, and redox status. The roles of barley FEA genes in limiting IM size and promoting spikelet formation suggest the potential of increasing yield by manipulating IM activity