4 research outputs found

    Determination of Plasma Concentrations of Antioxidants, Antibodies against Oxidized Ldl, and Homocysteine in a Population Sample from Liege

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    A large number of epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this way, following reference values in plasmatic antioxidants have been determined in a group of 123 blood donors (94 males, 29 females; age: 21-64 years) living in the surroundings of Liege, Belgium: vitamin A (1.5-3.62 mmol/l), vitamin C (3.68-75.21 mmol/l), vitamin E (16.98-46.46 mmol/l), ratio vitamin E/cholesterol (3.92-8.32 mmol/mmol), selenium (0.66-1.26 mmol/l), sulphydryl proteins (216-556 mmol/l), uric acid (174-477 mmol/l), superoxide dismutase (542-852 IU/g hemoglobine), glutathion peroxidase (39.55-91.83 IU/g hemoglobine). Only a few number of subjects were found with values corresponding to high risk of deficiency in antioxidants although low values in vitamin C ( 650 IU/l in autoantibodies and 19.5% > 15.2 mmol/l in homocysteine) that are, however, not correlated with age or low levels in antioxidants. The effect of smoking (25% of the population) contributed to significantly decrease vitamin C, selenium and glutathion peroxidase concentrations by 31.9 and 13% when compared to nonsmokers. Intake of 1 to 4 fruits per day resulted in a significant increase of 56.9% in vitamin C when compared to nonconsumers (26.8% of the population). In contrast, homocysteine concentrations were significantly decreased by 21.4% in fruits consumers. Thank to the development of methods allowing the routine dosage of all these parameters, general practitioners can now easily establish the oxidative stress status of their patients and, as fonction of getting patterns, detect populations at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.Résumé : Plusieurs études épidémiologiques et cliniques suggèrent que le stress oxydatif joue un rôle important dans le développement des maladies cardiovasculaires. Dans cette optique, les valeurs de référence suivantes en anti-oxydants plasmatiques ont été déterminées dans un groupe de 123 donneurs de sang (94 hommes, 29 femmes, âge 21-64 ans) vivant dans la région de Liège en Belgique : vitamine A (1,5-3,62 mmol/l), vitamine C (3,68-75,21 mmol/l), vitamine E (16,98-46,46 mmol/l), rapport vitamine E/cholestérol (3,92-8,32 mmol/mmol), sélénium (0,66-1,26 mmol/l), protéines à groupement sulphydryl (216-556 mmol/l), acide urique (174-477 mmol/l), superoxyde dismutase (542-852 UI/g d’hémoglobine), glutathion peroxydase (39,55-91,83 UI/g d’hémoglobine). Des états de carence en anti-oxydants sont pratiquement inexistants au sein de cette population en bonne santé, mais des concentrations considérées comme basses se retrouvent toutefois dans 16,2 % de la population pour la vitamine C ( 650 UI/l pour les anticorps et 19,5 % > 15,28 mmol/l pour l’homocystéine), sans qu’il y ait toutefois de corrélation avec l’âge ou de faibles valeurs en anti-oxydants. Le tabagisme (25 % de la population) se traduit par une diminution significative de 31, 9 et 13 % des concentrations de vitamine C, sélénium et de glutathion peroxydase. Les sujets consommant entre 1 et 4 fruits par jour ont des concentrations en vitamine C significativement plus élevées de 56,9 % par rapport à ceux ne prenant jamais aucun fruit (26,8 % de la population). En revanche, les concentrations d’homocystéine sont diminuées significativement de 21,4 % chez les grands consommateurs de fruits. En conclusion, grâce au développement d’analyses qui permettent le dosage de tous ces paramètres en routine, les médecins peuvent désormais établir facilement l’état de stress oxydatif de leur patient et, en fonction du bilan obtenu, cibler des populations à risque de développer des maladies cardiovasculaires

    Proposal for a European Interoperability Framework for Smart Cities and Communities (EIF4SCC)

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    Interoperability is a prerequisite for electronic communication and the exchange of information between different actors, but it is much broader than technical in nature. Taken in the broader sense as presented in the EIF4CC, interoperability is a necessary condition for achieving and further developing Smart Cities and Communities in Europe. Interoperability is crucial to overcome challenges in cities and communities. Lack of interoperability leads to fragmented service delivery at local level as well as a lack of communication among different platforms, technologies and stakeholders, resulting in suboptimal services to the public. The EIF4SCC as such fits into the multi-level governance context of the EU, where all levels of public administration play a key role in achieving interoperability at local, regional, national, European and global level. The aim of this project is to expand the current notion of the eGovernment European Interoperability Framework to other scales and actors through Smart Cities & Communities
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