Improving Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Delivery: A National Study of Parents and Their Adolescent Sons

We examined parents’ and adolescents’ preferences regarding potential strategies to increase HPV vaccination rates, including offering the vaccine in alternative settings, concomitant administration of vaccines, and optimizing the structure of vaccination medical visits

The Association Between Maternal Glucose Concentration and Child BMI at Age 3 Years

OBJECTIVE—The objective of the study was to determine the association between child BMI at age 3 years and maternal glucose concentration among women without pre-existing diabetes or a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data are from the Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition and Postpartum studies and include 263 mother-child pairs. Measured weights and heights at 3 years were used to calculate age- and sex-specific BMIz scores and percentiles. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations of continuous BMI z scores with maternal glucose concentration. Modified Poisson regression estimated risk ratios of child overweight/obesity (BMI $85th percentile). RESULTS—The mean (SD) maternal glucose concentration and prepregnancy BMI were 103.8 (23.7) mg/dL and 24.3 (5.9) kg/m 2, respectively. At 3 years, the mean (SD) child BMI z score was 0.29 (0.99), 20.9$130 mg/dL was associated with significantly higher child BMI z score at 3 years (estimated z scoredifferenceof0.39[95

Factors influencing the difference between maternal and cord blood lead

Aims: To determine the factors that affect why some infants receive higher exposures relative to the mother's body burden than do others. Methods: A total of 159 mother-infant pairs from a cohort of women receiving prenatal care at Magee-Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, PA from 1992 to 1995 provided blood samples at delivery for lead determination. The difference between cord and maternal blood lead concentration (PbB) and a dichotomous variable indicator of higher cord than maternal PbB, were examined as indicators of relative transfer. Women were interviewed twice during the pregnancy about lifestyle, medical history, calcium nutrition, and physical activity. Results: Higher blood pressure was associated with relatively greater cord compared with maternal PbB, as was maternal alcohol use. Sickle cell trait and higher haemoglobin were associated with a lower cord relative to maternal blood lead PbB. No association was seen with smoking, physical exertion, or calcium consumption. Conclusion: While reduction in maternal exposure will reduce fetal exposure, it may also be possible to mitigate infant lead exposure by reducing transfer from the pregnant woman. Interventions aimed at reducing blood pressure and alcohol consumption during pregnancy may be useful in this regard

Substance Use as a Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence Overlap

Intimate partner violence (IPV) research often focuses on either the victims of IPV or the perpetrators of IPV. Recent studies have documented the existence of a group of victim-perpetrators, for example, they perpetrate IPV and are also the victims of IPV. The current study examines this overlap in IPV perpetration and victimization among a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of 1,488 Hispanics with a focus on generational status. Results from group-based trajectory models and survey multinomial regression techniques suggest that alcohol and marijuana use over time are salient risk factors for IPV perpetration, IPV victimization, and IPV overlap. Study limitations and implications are discussed