404 research outputs found
Dual diagnosis services : toward a better understanding of their implementation
Abstract : Objective: Over the past 15 years, considerable time and energy has been devoted to implementing integrated services for individuals with dual disorders. While the key factors in the successful implementation of such services have been documented, applying them remains a challenge. What are we missing? In this article we attempt to answer this question by examining how implementation studies of integrated services have been carried out. The aim is to identify possible avenues for future implementation research. Methods: We updated a recent literature review of published studies on service implementation. Articles written in English and addressing organization-level factors were included. The reviewed articles were categorized based on two aspects of their methodology: their approach to the implementation process (content- or process-centered) and their objective (descriptive or explanatory). Results: In the 15 studies reviewed, we observed a tendency toward a content-centered approach (n = 9) with a majority having an explanatory objective. Studies that reflected this trend identified the most common determining factors in order to explain the level of implementation achieved within a given period of time. These studies did not examine the sequencing and transformation of the implementation process over time. Such a process-centered approach was used in only six studies. Conclusions: Research exploring the evolutive dynamics of implementation projects should be prioritized to counter the lack of knowledge on the subject. Such studies have the potential to greatly enhance our understanding as well as our capacity to master the implementation of integrated services
La mise en Ćuvre de services cliniques intĂ©grĂ©s sous lâangle du sensemaking organisationnel : le cas des services intĂ©grĂ©s en santĂ© mentale et en dĂ©pendance
Cette thĂšse a comme objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral dâenrichir la comprĂ©hension du phĂ©nomĂšne de mise en Ćuvre des services cliniques intĂ©grĂ©s en contexte organisationnel. Elle sâinscrit dans la perspective thĂ©orique du sensemaking organisationnel (Weick, 1995).
Dans un premier temps, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© comment des acteurs ont construit le sens du projet dâintĂ©gration quâils devaient mettre en Ćuvre, et les rĂ©percussions de cette construction de sens sur des enjeux cliniques et organisationnels. Le contexte Ă©tudiĂ© est une nouvelle organisation de santĂ© crĂ©Ă©e afin dâoffrir des services surspĂ©cialisĂ©s Ă des personnes aux prises avec un trouble concomitant de santĂ© mentale et de dĂ©pendance. Une stratĂ©gie de recherche de type qualitatif a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e. Lâanalyse a reposĂ© sur des donnĂ©es longitudinales (8 ans) provenant de trois sources : des entrevues semi-dirigĂ©es, des observations et de lâanalyse de documents. Deux articles en dĂ©coulent. Alors que lâarticle 1 met lâaccent sur la transformation des pratiques professionnelles, lâarticle 2 aborde le phĂ©nomĂšne sous lâangle de lâidentitĂ© organisationnelle.
Dans un deuxiĂšme temps, nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une analyse critique des Ă©crits. Celle-ci a portĂ© sur les tendances actuelles dans la façon dâĂ©tudier la mise en Ćuvre des services intĂ©grĂ©s pour les troubles concomitants. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus sont prĂ©sentĂ©s dans lâarticle 3.
Quatre grands constats se dĂ©gagent de lâensemble de ce travail. Le premier est que la mise en Ćuvre de services cliniques intĂ©grĂ©s est un phĂ©nomĂšne dynamique, mais sous contrainte. Autrement dit, il sâagit dâun phĂ©nomĂšne Ă©volutif qui se dĂ©finit et se redĂ©finit au grĂ© des Ă©vĂ©nements, mais avec une tendance lourde Ă maintenir la direction dans laquelle il sâest dĂ©ployĂ© initialement. LâĂ©naction et lâengagement des professionnels sont apparus des mĂ©canismes explicatifs centraux Ă cet Ă©gard.
Le second constat est que la mise en Ćuvre sâactualise Ă travers des niveaux dâintĂ©gration interdĂ©pendants, ce qui signifie que le contexte et lâobjet qui est mis en Ćuvre coĂ©voluent et se transforment mutuellement. Nos rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que la notion de "pratiques de couplage" Ă©tait utile pour capter cette dynamique.
Notre troisiĂšme constat est que la mise en Ćuvre demeure profondĂ©ment ancrĂ©e dans le sens que les membres organisationnels construisent collectivement du projet dâintĂ©gration Ă travers leurs actions et interactions quotidiennes. Cette construction de sens permet de comprendre comment le contenu et la forme du projet dâintĂ©gration se façonnent au grĂ© des circonstances, tant dans ses aspects cliniques quâorganisationnels.
Enfin, le quatriĂšme constat est que ces dynamiques demeurent relativement peu explorĂ©es Ă ce jour dans les Ă©crits sur lâimplantation des services intĂ©grĂ©s pour les troubles concomitants. Nous faisons lâhypothĂšse que ce manque de reconnaissance pourrait expliquer une partie des difficultĂ©s de mise en Ćuvre actuelles.
Globalement, ces constats permettent dâenrichir considĂ©rablement la comprĂ©hension du phĂ©nomĂšne en rĂ©vĂ©lant les dynamiques qui le constituent et les enjeux quâil soulĂšve. Aussi, leur prise en compte par les dĂ©cideurs et les chercheurs a-t-elle le potentiel de faire progresser les pratiques vers une intĂ©gration accrue.The main objective of this thesis is to further our understanding of the implementation process of integrated care in an organizational context. It is structured on the sensemaking perspective (Weick, 1995).
At first, we studied how actors construct the meaning of the integration project they had to implement, and the impact of this sensemaking on clinical and organizational issues. The context studied is a new organization created to provide ultra-specialized services to patients suffering from co-occurring mental health and addiction disorders. We used a qualitative research strategy and based our analysis on longitudinal data (8 years) collected from three sources: semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis. This analysis has resulted in two articles. While the first article focuses on the transformation of professional practices, the second article examined the phenomenon in terms of organizational identity.
Secondly, we conducted a critical analysis of the literature,focused on current trends in the way implementation studies of integrated services are carried out. The results are presented in the third article.
Four main findings emerge from this work. The first finding is that the implementation of integrated care is a dynamic phenomenon, not without strain or tensions. In other words, this is an evolutive phenomenon that is defined and redefined depending on events, but never completely renewed. The enaction and commitment of professionals appeared to be key explanatory mechanisms of this phenomenon.
The second finding is that implementation is actualized through interrelated levels of integration, which means that the context of implementation and the object that is implemented co-evolve and become mutually transformed. Our results showed that the concept of "coupling practices" was useful to capture this dynamic.
The third finding is that implementation remains deeply rooted in the meaning that organizational members collectively construct of the integration project, through their everyday actions and interactions. This sensemaking leads to understanding how the content and form of the integration project are shaped according to circumstances, both from clinical and organizational aspects.
The fourth finding is that these dynamics remain relatively unexplored to date in the scientific literature on the implementation of integrated care for co-occurring disorders. We hypothesize that this lack of recognition may explain some of the actual difficulties in implementing these services.
Overall, these findings considerably enrich general understanding of the phenomenon by revealing the dynamics that constitute it and the issues it raises. Also decision makers and researchers consideration of these dynamics has the potential to promote and improve integrated practices
Modes d'organisation de la prise en charge des patients avec un premier épisode psychotique dans les hÎpitaux montréalais
Contexte. Le manque d'adhĂ©sion aux stratĂ©gies d'intervention est un problĂšme frĂ©quemment observĂ© chez les patients qui prĂ©sentent un trouble grave de santĂ© mentale. Ses [i.e. Ces] consĂ©quences peuvent ĂȘtre sĂ©rieuses, et ce, particuliĂšrement au moment d'un premier Ă©pisode psychotique. Selon plusieurs auteurs, l'organisation des services exercerait une influence importante sur l'adhĂ©sion des patients. Cependant, en dĂ©pit des ressources importantes qui sont consenties au traitement intra hospitalier des patients psychiatriques, les connaissances concernant les modes organisationnels qui y sont privilĂ©giĂ©s demeurent limitĂ©es. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a tentĂ© de combler cette lacune. Objectif. Ătablir une taxonomie des modes d'organisation Ă partir des variations notĂ©es dans l'organisation des services hospitaliers destinĂ©s aux personnes qui consultent Ă l'urgence en raison d'un premier Ă©pisode psychotique. MĂ©thode. Une Ă©tude descriptive simple a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. Des entrevues effectuĂ©es auprĂšs de deux informateurs clĂ©s dans chacun des 13 hĂŽpitaux de l'Ăźle de MontrĂ©al dotĂ©s d'un dĂ©partement de psychiatrie et d'une urgence ont permis de documenter diffĂ©rentes dimensions de l'organisation des services, soit la vision, la structure organisationnelle, les ressources et les pratiques. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es en s'inspirant de l'approche configurationnelle et les rĂ©sultats soumis Ă un comitĂ© d'experts Ă des fins de validation. RĂ©sultats. Quatre modĂšles d'organisation diffĂ©rents ont pu ĂȘtre distinguĂ©s. La diversitĂ© des mĂ©canismes de coordination mis en place afin d'assurer un agencement logique des services constitue un premier contraste observĂ© entre les modĂšles. Ce contraste permet de distinguer deux modĂšles dits"coordonnĂ©s" et deux modĂšles dits"peu coordonnĂ©s". Chacun de ces types peut Ă©galement ĂȘtre distinguĂ© selon l'Ă©tendue de l'offre de services qui s'y trouve. Ce second contraste permet d'obtenir des modĂšles qui sont dits"variĂ©s" ou"limitĂ©s". Conclusion. Cette Ă©tude a permis de tracer pour la premiĂšre fois un portrait des caractĂ©ristiques organisationnelles du rĂ©seau hospitalier montrĂ©alais dans la prise en charge des patients qui consultent Ă l'urgence, particuliĂšrement ceux avec un premier Ă©pisode psychotique. La taxonomie des modĂšles d'organisation qui en dĂ©coule reprĂ©sente par consĂ©quent un premier jalon pour Ă©tudier l'influence des facteurs organisationnels sur diffĂ©rentes mesures de rĂ©sultats, dont l'adhĂ©sion aux stratĂ©gies d'intervention de ces patients
French in Auvergne (Centre) : a speaker from Clermont-Ferrand
International audienceCette enquĂȘte PFC (phonologie du français contemporain) a Ă©tĂ© faite avec une locutrice junior de la rĂ©gion proche de clermont-Ferrand. l'ensemble des donnĂ©es nous amĂšnent Ă conclure que ses productions ne sont pas trĂšs Ă©loignĂ©es du français de rĂ©fĂ©rence. on retiendra en revanche des Ă©lĂ©ment typiques du français jeune
How to Simulate the Surface of a Cometary Nucleus for Public Science Demonstrations
International audienceTo celebrate and appropriately illustrate the rendezvous of the European Rosetta spacecraft with comet 67P/Churyumovâ Gerasimenko and the landing of Philae on the surface of the cometâs nucleus on 12 November 2014, the French science museum Palais de la DĂ©couverte developed and presented a new and original demonstration. The experiment simulates the behaviour of a cometary surface in a vacuum and shows the formation of jet-like features. We explain here how to prepare an analogue to cometary material from porous ices and carbon, how to approximately reproduce the cometary environment at low pressure, temperature and solar illumination, and how to present the experiment at a public science demonstration
Diagnosis of Methionine/Valine Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease by Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification
A patient with a heterozygous variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with a methionine/valine genotype at codon 129 of the prion protein gene was recently reported. Using an ultrasensitive and specific protein misfolding cyclic amplificationâbased assay for detecting variant CJD prions in cerebrospinal fluid, we discriminated this heterozygous case of variant CJD from cases of sporadic CJD
A comparative descriptive analysis of perceived quality of caring attitudes and behaviours between haemodialysis patients and their nurses
Despite its importance in nursing, perceived quality of the nurse-patient relationship has seldom been researched. This study sought to examine and compare the quality of caring attitudes and behaviours as perceived by haemodialysis patients and their nurses. Design This comparative descriptive study involved 140 haemodialysis patients and 101 nurses caring for them in ten haemodialysis units in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Methods Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale (CNPI-70). Results Both nurses and patients reported a high frequency of caring attitudes and behaviours. Patients gave higher ratings than nurses did on all the caring dimensions, except spirituality. Implications are discussed
Epitaxial ZnO thin films grown by pulsed electron beam deposition
In this work, the pulsed electron beam deposition method (PED) is evaluated by studying the properties of ZnO thin films grown on c-cut sapphire substrates. The film composition, structure and surface morphology were investigated by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Optical absorption, resistivity and Hall effect measurements were performed in order to obtain the optical and electronic properties of the ZnO films. By a fine tuning of the deposition conditions, smooth, dense, stoichiometric and textured hexagonal ZnO films were epitaxially grown on (0001) sapphire at 700 °C with a 30° rotation of the ZnO basal plane with respect to the sapphire substrate. The average transmittance of the films reaches 90% in the visible range with an optical band gap of 3.28 eV. Electrical characterization reveals a high density of charge carrier of 3.4 à 10 19 cm -3 along with a mobility of 11.53 cm2/Vs. The electrical and optical properties are discussed and compared to ZnO thin films prepared by the similar and most well-known pulsed laser deposition method
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