28 research outputs found

    Structure et symbolique de la consommation d’alcool de femmes prostituĂ©es de Bolivie

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    Les Ă©tudes internationales sur la consommation d’alcool font maintenant appel Ă  un cadre d’analyse propre au genre, soulignant des variations dans les profils de consommation des femmes en fonction des rĂŽles sociaux qui leur sont assignĂ©s. En considĂ©rant la prostitution comme un rĂŽle social de plus, cet article nous amĂšne Ă  rĂ©flĂ©chir sur la valeur symbolique positive de la consommation d’alcool dans la dĂ©finition de la fĂ©minitĂ©. Les donnĂ©es recueillies lors d’une Ă©tude de terrain en Bolivie permettent de proposer deux hypothĂšses. D’une part, cette consommation redĂ©finit le rapport des femmes prostituĂ©es aux clients et Ă  l’activitĂ© sexuelle. D’autre part, elle permet ensuite aux femmes prostituĂ©es de se distancer des attributs de leur travail qui les stigmatisent et de se rehausser jusqu’au rang des femmes honorables. Cette rĂ©flexion nous permet de concevoir la consommation d’alcool indĂ©pendamment de la consommation de drogues et d’aller au-delĂ  de ses aspects sociosanitaires, pour se centrer sur le sens subjectif, mais Ă©galement culturel et social, que prend ce type d’activitĂ© individuelle.International studies on alcohol consumption call for a gender specific frame of analysis. They furthermore highlight the variation in consumption patterns according to different roles attributed to women. When considering prostitution as another social role, the present article brings us to think of the positive symbolic value of alcohol consumption in the definition of womanhood. Data collected during field work in Bolivia allows us to suggest the hypothesis that this consumption redefines the relationship of women prostitutes with their clients and their relation to sexual activity. It subsequently allows these women to distance themselves from the stigmatizing attributes of their work and to join the ranks of honourable women. This discussion brings us to think of alcohol consumption independently from drug use and to go further than its sociosanitary aspects, to consequently focus on the subjective meaning that such an individual, social and cultural activity may have.Los estudios internacionales sobre el consumo de alcohol recurren ahora a un marco de anĂĄlisis propio del gĂ©nero, destacando las variaciones en los perfiles de consumo de las mujeres en funciĂłn de los roles sociales que se les asignan. Este artĂ­culo, al considerar la prostituciĂłn como un rol social mĂĄs, lleva a reflexionar sobre el valor simbĂłlico positivo del consumo de alcohol en la definiciĂłn de la femineidad. Los datos recabados durante un estudio en el terreno en Bolivia permiten proponer dos hipĂłtesis. Por una parte, este consumo redefine la relaciĂłn de las mujeres prostitutas con los clientes y con la actividad sexual. Por la otra, permite luego a las mujeres prostitutas distanciarse de los atributos de su trabajo que las estigmatizan y elevarse al rango de mujeres honorables. Esta reflexiĂłn lleva a concebir el consumo de alcohol independientemente del consumo de drogas e ir mĂĄs allĂĄ de sus aspectos sociosanitarios, para centrarse en el sentido subjetivo, e igualmente cultural y social, que toma este tipo de actividad individual

    La prostitution comme expériences vécues : récits de corps marqués à Tarija, Bolivie

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    ThÚse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal

    Comparing problem gamblers with moderate-risk gamblers in a sample of university students

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    Background and aims In an effort to provide further empirical evidence of meaningful differences, this study explores, in a student population, the distinctions in gambling behavioral patterns and specific associated problems of two levels of gambling severity by comparing problem gamblers (PG) and moderate-risk gamblers (MR) as defined by the score on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI; MR: 3-7; PG: 8 and more). Methods The study sample included 2,139 undergraduate students (male = 800, mean age = 22.6) who completed the PGSI and questionnaires on associated problems. Results Results show that problem gamblers engage massively and more diversely in gambling activities, more often and in a greater variety of locations, than moderate-risk gamblers. In addition, important differences have been observed between moderate-risk and problem gamblers in terms of expenditures and accumulated debt. In regards to the associated problems, compared to moderate-risk gamblers, problem gamblers had an increased reported psychological distress, daily smoking, and possible alcohol dependence. Discussion and Conclusions The severity of gambling and associated problems found in problem gamblers is significantly different from moderate-risk gamblers, when examined in a student population, to reiterate caution against the amalgamation of these groups in future research

    RĂ©pertoire vocabulaire type : enfant franco-ontarien et franco-dominant

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    Objet : Description du dĂ©veloppement de la production langagiĂšre chez les jeunes enfants francophones du Canada Ă  l’extĂ©rieur du QuĂ©bec. Exploration du corpus langagier de 13 enfants franco-ontariens et franco-dominants, ĂągĂ©s de 50 Ă  61 mois et vivant en situation linguistique minoritaire (rĂ©gion du Grand-Sudbury). MĂ©thode : DĂ©marche psycholinguistique utilisant des Ă©chantillons de langage spontanĂ©s recueillis chez des enfants franco-ontariens grĂące Ă  une pĂ©riode de conversation semi-structurĂ©e. Analyse avec le logiciel SALT (2012) de la longueur moyenne des Ă©noncĂ©s (en mots) produits par ces enfants dans chacun des Ă©chantillons de langage ayant servi Ă  cette Ă©tude et provenant de donnĂ©es d’une recherche antĂ©rieure (Mayer-Crittenden, 2013). RĂ©sultats : Le rĂ©pertoire lexical de l’enfant franco-ontarien d’ñge scolaire, 50 Ă  61 mois, est composĂ© d’une proportion plus Ă©levĂ©e de verbes (21.83%). Les autres catĂ©gories (les dĂ©terminants, pronoms, noms, adverbes) sont soit Ă©gales soit plus faibles en proportion par rapport Ă  la rĂ©fĂ©rence ayant servie Ă  l’étude (Parisse et Le Normand, 2001 et 2006). Conclusion : Les enfants franco-ontariens, franco-europĂ©ens et franco-quĂ©becois semblent produire en moyenne le mĂȘme nombre de mots que les enfants francophones vivant en milieu majoritaire mais en produisent moins que les enfants anglophones canadiens

    Canadian Postsecondary Students With Disabilities: Where Are They?

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    Results of a Canada-wide and a Quebec based study of students with a variety of disabilities in Canadian postsecondary education are presented. Study 1 involved 156 professionals. They represent 80% of the population of professionals who provide on-campus disability support services. Results indicate that (1) 8% of postsecondary institutions reported not having any students with disabilities, (2) overall, 2% of students are registered to receive disability related services from their post- secondary institutions, and (3) this varies from 1/2% to 6% across the country. Junior/community colleges had a higher percentage of students with disabilities registered to receive disability related services (3 3/4%) than universities (1 2/3%). (4) Distance education had 3%. (5) Quebec has a smaller proportion of both college (2/3% vs 6%) and university (1/2%) vs 2 1/2%) students with disabilities than the rest of Canada. A targeted study involving 46 professionals who provide disability related services in Quebec's public junior/community colleges, the CEGEPs, revealed that lack of recognition of learning disabilities for postsecondary funding by the Quebec government is an important contributor to the small percentages, although it cannot explain the huge discrepancies between Quebec and the rest of Canada. Extrapolation suggests that there are over 100,000 students with disabilities currently enrolled in Canadian postsecondary education, although only 1/4 to 1/2 of them register to receive disability related services.Les résultats d'une étude pancanadienne basée au Québec portant sur des étudiants ayant diverses incapacités dans des institutions postsecondaires canadiennes sont présentés. L'étude 1 impliquait 156 professionnels. Ils représentent 80% de la population des intervenants qui fournissent de l'appui, sur les campus, aux étudiants ayant des incapacités. Les résultats révèlent que (1) 8% des institutions postsecondaires rapportent qu'elles n'ont pas d'étudiants ayant des incapacités, (2) globalement, 2 % des étudiants sont inscrits aux services offerts aux étudiants ayant des incapacités de leur institution postsecondaire, et (3) cette donnée varie de 1/2% à 6% à travers le pays. Les collèges communautaires ont un pourcentage plus élevé d'étudiants ayant des incapacités inscrits aux services d'appui (3 3/4%) par rapport aux universités (1 2/3%). (4) La formation à distance a 3% d'étudiants nécessitant des services de cette nature. (5) Le Québec a le pourcentage le plus faible au Canada d'étudiants ayant des incapacités aux niveaux collégial (2/3%) contre 6%) et universitaire (1/2% contre 2 1/2%). Une étude cible impliquant 46 intervenants qui fournissent des services aux étudiants ayant des incapacités dans les collèges au Québec, les CEGEPs, révèle qu'un des facteurs contribuant aux faibles pourcentages est le fait que le gouvernement du Québec ne tient pas compte des difficultés d'apprentissage lors du financement. Cependant, ceci ne peut expliquer les différences énormes entre le Québec et le reste du Canada. Par extrapolation, il est possible d'avancer qu'il y a plus de 100 000 étudiants ayant des incapacités présentement inscrits dans des institutions postsecondaires canadiennes, quoique seulement 25 à 50 % de ceux-ci soient inscrits aux services offerts aux étudiants ayant des incapacités

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    The gendered experience of stigmatization in severe and persistent mental illness in Lima, Peru

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    Although power differentials which enable the components of stigma to unfold have been identified, literature that demonstrates the gendered disparities in stigmatization is scarce. Using a gender-based framework, this paper aims first at understanding the gendered social cues which produce the stigma in mental illness enacted by the general population. Second, it highlights the influence of gender on the everyday experiences of a severe and persistent mental illness and the related stigmatization. Results are drawn from a combination of ethnographic and qualitative methods including a field ethnography of two health centres, one psychiatric hospital, and participants' households and neighbourhoods, two group discussions with members of the general population participating in gender-specific social support groups (N = 12 women/5 men), and illness narratives of men and women with a severe and persistent mental illness (N = 22), which was conducted from May to August 2006 in a poor, urban district of Peru. It is argued that in a society like that of Peru where gender roles are segregated into specific social and economic fields, gendered expectations shape both the experience of a severe and persistent mental illness and the stigmatization of people with such a mental illness in a gender-specific way. Not only do gender inequalities create the conditions leading to a power differential which enables stigmatization to unfold, but stigma is constructed as much around gendered-defined social roles as it is enacted in distinct social spheres for men and women with a severe and persistent mental illness. The gendered experience of stigmatization must, therefore, be fully understood in order to design more effective interventions that would challenge stereotypical perceptions and discriminatory practices, and reduce their effect on the everyday life of the mentally ill in Peru.Peru Latin America Ethnography Illness narrative Gender Mental illness Stigmatization
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