Synthesis of an open-cage fullerene-based unidirectional H-bonding network and its coordination with titanium

Open-cage fullerene derivatives with up to three hydroxyl groups on the rim of an orifice were prepared through modification of functional groups followed by controlled stepwise reduction of carbonyl groups on the rim. The hydroxyl groups form a unidirectional H-bond network and show a weak but clear interaction with a water molecule trapped inside the fullerene cage. Titanium ions coordinated with the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups to form a TiL2 type of complex

Concrete Elastic Modulus Experimental Research Based on Theory of Capillary Tension

The risk of cracking in the early stage is a critical indicator of the performance of concrete structures. Concrete cracked when the tensile stresses caused by deformation under restraint conditions exceeded its tensile strength. This research aims at an accurate prediction of shrinkage cracking of concrete under constraints. Based on the theory of capillary tension under the concrete shrinkage mechanism, the method to test and compute the elastic modulus of a micro-matrix around the capillary, Et, was derived. Shrinkage and porosity determination tests were conducted to obtain the shrinkage values and confining stresses of concrete at different strength grades, different ages and under different restraint conditions, accordingly. Meanwhile, the proposed method of this research was used to obtain Et. The restraint stress given by Et was compared with the experimental result under the corresponding time. The results suggested a positive correlation between the elastic modulus of a micro-matrix around the capillary, Et, precomputed by the theory, and the static elastic modulus, Ec, and that the ratio between the two gradually decreased with the passage of time, which ranged from 2.8 to 3.1