Plan de negocio para implementar un centro especializado de hemodi?lisis en la regi?n de Hu?nuco

La poblaci?n de regiones como Hu?nuco y Pasco son muy vulnerables a sufrir enfermedades renales cr?nicas; sin embargo, no cuentan con espacios adecuados para un debido tratamiento y el sector p?blico no logra cubrir toda la demanda, por lo cual los pacientes de la regi?n centro del pa?s deben de trasladarse constantemente hasta la ciudad de Lima, esto no s?lo los afecta econ?micamente, sino que incide de modo negativo en su calidad de vida. Ante esta problem?tica, la implementaci?n de un centro que brinde el servicio de hemodi?lisis, no s?lo es necesario, sino que, ante esta situaci?n, se hace urgente

Productive Development Policies in Latin American Countries: The Case of Peru, 1990-2007

This paper assesses the institutional setting and productive impact of selected productive development policies (PDPs), institutions, and programs implemented in Peru during the period 1990-2007. The assessment is based on a simple, basic framework of a series of economic or market failures that may have constrained the transformation of the productive structure, the process of innovation, and the growth of total factor productivity. Evidence indicates that the PDPs and structural reforms implemented in Peru did not significantly alter the productive structure of the Peruvian economy. If the objectives of the PDPs are to transform the productive structure, increase total factor productivity, and enhance innovation, government interventions need to focus directly on the source of market failures and create quality productive changes within the private sector

The Price of Political Opposition: Evidence from Venezuela's Maisanta

In 2004, the Chávez regime in Venezuela distributed the list of several million voters whom had attempted to remove him from office throughout the government bureaucracy, allegedly to identify and punish these voters. We match the list of petition signers distributed by the government to household survey respondents to measure the economic effects of being identified as a Chavez political opponent. We find that voters who were identified as Chavez opponents experienced a 5 percent drop in earnings and a 1.5 percentage point drop in employment rates after the voter list was released. A back-of-the envelope calculation suggests that the loss aggregate TFP from the misallocation of workers across jobs was substantial, on the order of 3 percent of GDP

Prevention of Accelerated Cell Aging in Werner Syndrome Using a p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor

We investigated the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling in the accelerated aging of Werner Syndrome (WS) fibroblasts by use of SB203580, a cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drug that targets p38 activity. SB203580 treatment reverts the aged morphology of young WS fibroblasts to that seen in young normal fibroblasts. In addition, SB203580 increases the life span and growth rate of WS fibroblasts to within the normal range. In young WS cells, p38 is activated coincident with an up-regulation of p21WAF1, and a reduction in the levels of both activated p38 and p21WAF1 are seen following treatment with SB203580. As these effects are not seen in young normal cells, our data suggest that the abbreviated replicative life span of WS cells is due to a stress-induced, p38-mediated growth arrest that is independent of telomere erosion. With some p38 inhibitors already in clinical trials, our data suggest a potential route to drug intervention in a premature aging syndrome

Studies on the nonmevalonate terpene biosynthetic pathway: Metabolic role of IspH (LytB) protein

Isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate serve as the universal precursors for the biosynthesis of terpenes. Although their biosynthesis by means of mevalonate has been studied in detail, a second biosynthetic pathway for their formation by means of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate has been discovered only recently in plants and certain eubacteria. Earlier in vivo experiments with recombinant Escherichia coli strains showed that exogenous 1-deoxy-d-xylulose can be converted into 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate by the consecutive action of enzymes specified by the xylB and ispCDEFG genes. This article describes the transformation of exogenous [U-(13)C(5)]1-deoxy-d-xylulose into a 5:1 mixture of [U-(13)C(5)]isopentenyl diphosphate and [U-(13)C(5)]dimethylallyl diphosphate by an E. coli strain engineered for the expression of the ispH (lytB) gene in addition to recombinant xylB and ispCDEFG genes