The mediating role of psychological capital on the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms among Chinese physicians: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Although occupational stress is an identified predictor of depressive symptoms, the mechanism behind the association is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine how psychological capital (PsyCap), a positive psychological state, mediates the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms among Chinese physicians. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Liaoning Province, China, during September–October 2010. Self-administered questionnaires including items on depressive symptoms assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, occupational stress assessed by the effort–reward imbalance scale and PsyCap estimated by a 24-item Psychological Capital Questionnaire, together with age, gender, marital status and education were distributed to 1300 physicians employed in large general hospitals. The final sample consisted of 998 participants. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to examine how PsyCap mediates the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Both the effort/reward ratio (ERR) and overcommitment were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among male and female physicians. There was a gender difference in the mediating role of PsyCap on the occupational stress–depressive symptoms association. For male physicians, PsyCap did not mediate the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. For female physicians, ERR and overcommitment were negatively associated with PsyCap, and PsyCap was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. As a result, PsyCap significantly mediated the associations of ERR and overcommitment with depressive symptoms. The proportion of PsyCap mediation was 19.07% for ERR, and 24.29% for overcommitment. CONCLUSIONS: PsyCap could be a positive resource for combating depressive symptoms in Chinese physicians. In addition to reducing occupational stress, PsyCap development should be included in depression prevention and treatment strategies, especially for female physicians

FedBA: Non-IID Federated Learning Framework in UAV Networks

With the development and progress of science and technology, the Internet of Things(IoT) has gradually entered people's lives, bringing great convenience to our lives and improving people's work efficiency. Specifically, the IoT can replace humans in jobs that they cannot perform. As a new type of IoT vehicle, the current status and trend of research on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) is gratifying, and the development prospect is very promising. However, privacy and communication are still very serious issues in drone applications. This is because most drones still use centralized cloud-based data processing, which may lead to leakage of data collected by drones. At the same time, the large amount of data collected by drones may incur greater communication overhead when transferred to the cloud. Federated learning as a means of privacy protection can effectively solve the above two problems. However, federated learning when applied to UAV networks also needs to consider the heterogeneity of data, which is caused by regional differences in UAV regulation. In response, this paper proposes a new algorithm FedBA to optimize the global model and solves the data heterogeneity problem. In addition, we apply the algorithm to some real datasets, and the experimental results show that the algorithm outperforms other algorithms and improves the accuracy of the local model for UAVs

Synergy of Pd atoms and oxygen vacancies on In₂O₃ for methane conversion under visible light

Methane (CH4) oxidation to high value chemicals under mild conditions through photocatalysis is a sustainable and appealing pathway, nevertheless confronting the critical issues regarding both conversion and selectivity. Herein, under visible irradiation (420 nm), the synergy of palladium (Pd) atom cocatalyst and oxygen vacancies (OVs) on In2O3 nanorods enables superior photocatalytic CH4 activation by O2. The optimized catalyst reaches ca. 100 μmol h-1 of C1 oxygenates, with a selectivity of primary products (CH3OH and CH3OOH) up to 82.5%. Mechanism investigation elucidates that such superior photocatalysis is induced by the dedicated function of Pd single atoms and oxygen vacancies on boosting hole and electron transfer, respectively. O2 is proven to be the only oxygen source for CH3OH production, while H2O acts as the promoter for efficient CH4 activation through ·OH production and facilitates product desorption as indicated by DFT modeling. This work thus provides new understandings on simultaneous regulation of both activity and selectivity by the synergy of single atom cocatalysts and oxygen vacancies

Femoral–tibial contact stresses on fixed rotational femur models

ObjectivesThis study aims to quantitatively evaluate the femoral–tibial contact pressure on the knee under certain malrotaional degrees.MethodsFemoral–tibial contact pressure was carried out on 14 fixed rotational knee models under 200/400/600 N vertical load using ultra-low-pressure sensitive film technology, rotation angles including neutral position (0°, anatomically reduced), 5°, 10°, and 15° internally and externally. Data were collected and analyzed with SPSS software.ResultsThere are significant statistical differences between the medial contact pressure among rotational deformities (including neutral position) (P < 0.01), the increase in the degree of fixed internal malrotation of the femur resulted in a linear increase in the medial femoral–tibial contact pressures (P < 0.05) under 200/400/600 N vertical load, while increase in the degree of fixed external malrotation resulted in a linear decrease (P < 0.05). Except the 200 N compression, we can't find significant differences in lateral contact pressures (P > 0.05). In the comparison of medial to lateral contact pressures, no statistically significant differences were found in neutral and 5° internal rotation under 200/400 N, neutral, 5° internal rotation, and 15° external rotation under 600 N. In contrast, medial contact pressures were higher than lateral at other angles (P < 0.05).ConclusionObvious contact pressure changes were observed in rotatory femur. Doctors should detect rotational deformity as much as possible during operation and perform anatomical reduction. For patients with residual rotational deformities, indication of osteotomy should not be too broad

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

A new deliverability evaluation method of gas condensate wells in gas–liquid two-phase state

Gas well deliverability evaluation and analysis are challenging due to the frequent abnormalities of deliverability test data of gas condensate wells caused by seepage of oil and gas phases in the reservoirs. To this end, based upon the pseudo-single-phase seepage equation and the oil–gas two-phase seepage equation, a new deliverability evaluation method was established which is applicable to the following two cases when the flow of a gas well reaches the quasi-steady stage, i.e., the pseudo-single-phase stable point deliverability evaluation for the case when the formation pressure is above the dew pressure; the gas–liquid two-phase stable point deliverability evaluation for the case when the formation pressure is below the dew pressure. Using this established deliverability evaluation method, based on the basic parameters of the Yaha gas field, Tarim Basin, the IPR curves were first obtained of gas wells do not get this at the same production gas–oil ratio and at the formation pressure above and below the dew point pressure; then, according to the four condensate gas fields, such as Yaha, Tazhong I, Qianmiqiao and Dina 2, the absolute open flow (AOF) potentials of condensate gas wells under different gas–oil production ratios were calculated. Finally, through statistical analysis of the calculation results from typical wells, the following findings were obtained. This new deliverability evaluation method under the two states of condensate gas wells with quasi-single-phase and gas–liquid two-phase stable points can be used to avoid cases due to the oil–gas flow in a condensate gas well which has remained unresolved by the classical deliverability evaluation methods. Also, with the increase of gas–oil ratios in gas condensate wells, a variable discrepancy is gradually reduced in AOF potentials calculated respectively by the quasi-single-phase and gas–liquid two-phase stable point deliverability evaluation equations. For the condensate gas wells with high condensate content and low condensate gas production rates, the AOF potentials calculated by the gas–liquid two-phase stable point deliverability equation is more appropriate and reliable compared with that obtained by classical methods. Keywords: Gas condensate reservoir, Gas well, Gas–liquid two-phase flow, Turbulent flow equation, Quasi-single-phase, Gas–liquid two-phase, Stable point, Deliverability evaluation method, Absolute open flow potentia