A method for three-dimensional reconstruction of a train accident scene using photographs

Railway accidents that usually cause numerous property and life losses occurred in recent years all around the world. In general, resources such as financial supports and incident rescue programs are required to minimize the losses after an accident. Due to lack of comprehensive information collected from accident sites, most railway emergency management departments face a predicament in setting up rescue schemes. To tackle the issue, realistic three-dimensional virtual accident scene reconstruction technology is developed, which provides and visualises supplementary materials and information about a train accident and can offer assistance to emergency crews when making decisions. We propose a photo-based three-dimensional reconstruction framework of vehicles for measuring the positions and poses of carriages involved in an accident. We implement and examine two case studies to validate this reconstruction method, which performs well in the assigned tasks

3D reconstruction of train accident scene based on monocular image

To help with making an emergency rescue plan for train accidents, a rapid 3D reconstruction method of train accident scene based on a monocular image was proposed. Taking two camera projection models for different application scenarios into consideration, the SIFT algorithm was introduced to extract and match image feature with the CAD model of an accident train. Geometric constraints between carriages were provided to transform the 3D reconstruction to solving a nonlinear least square problem with constraints, by which the position and pose of accident subjects were reduced at last. To quantitatively and qualitatively verify the calculation performance of this method, the mimicked train accident scene and real train accident scene were respectively used to carry out 3D reconstruction. The precise finite camera projection model was applied in the mimicked train accident scene to carry out offline calibration, and the stable pin-hole model was adopted in the real train accident scene to carry out auto calibration. Analysis result shows that through quantitative analysis of mimicked scene the maximal and average relative error of 8 nodes for measurement in reconstructing two carriages are 4.54% and 1.85% respectively. Through qualitative analysis of the real scene, the 3D reduction of position and pose for carriages can also be realized with combining the topographic information correction. The whole accident environmental panorama can be reduced visually with the help of 3D visualization engine. This method can also be used in developing emergency rescue electronic sand table for train accident analysis and safety education

Call for quality epilepsy neuroimaging—An illustrative case of missed epileptic substrate

No. 779

Perturbative QCD analysis of B→ϕK∗B \to \phi K^* decays

We study the first observed charmless $B\to VV$ modes, the $B\to\phi K^*$ decays, in perturbative QCD formalism. The obtained branching ratios $B(B\to\phi K^*)\sim 15 \times 10^{-6}$ are larger than $\sim 9\times 10^{-6}$ from QCD factorization. The comparison of the predicted magnitudes and phases of the different helicity amplitudes, and branching ratios with experimental data can test the power counting rules, the evaluation of annihilation contributions, and the mechanism of dynamical penguin enhancement in perturbative QCD, respectively.Comment: 14 pages, 2 tables, brief disscussion on hard sacle added, version to appear in PR

Sharp constants in weighted trace inequalities on Riemannian manifolds

We establish some sharp weighted trace inequalities W^{1,2}(\rho^{1-2\sigma}, M)\hookrightarrow L^{\frac{2n}{n-2\sigma}}(\pa M) on $n+1$ dimensional compact smooth manifolds with smooth boundaries, where $\rho$ is a defining function of $M$ and $\sigma\in (0,1)$. This is stimulated by some recent work on fractional (conformal) Laplacians and related problems in conformal geometry, and also motivated by a conjecture of Aubin.Comment: 34 page

Image-based 3D Scene Reconstruction and Rescue Simulation Framework for Railway Accidents

Although the railway transport is regarded as a relatively safe transportation tool, many railway accidents have still happened worldwide. In this research, an image-based 3D scene reconstruction framework was proposed to help railway accident emergency rescues. Based on the improved constrained non-linear least square optimization, the framework can automatically model the accident scene with only one panorama in a short time. We embedded the self-developed global terrain module into the commercial visualization and physics engine, which makes the commercial engine can be used to render the static scene at anywhere and simulate the dynamic rescue process respectively. In addition, a Head Mounted Device (HMD) was integrated into this framework to allow users to verify their rescue plan and review previous railway accidents in an immersive environment

kTk_T factorization of exclusive processes

We prove $k_T$ factorization theorem in perturbative QCD (PQCD) for exclusive processes by considering $\pi\gamma^*\to \gamma(\pi)$ and $B\to\gamma(\pi) l\bar\nu$. The relevant form factors are expressed as the convolution of hard amplitudes with two-parton meson wave functions in the impact parameter $b$ space, $b$ being conjugate to the parton transverse momenta $k_T$. The point is that on-shell valence partons carry longitudinal momenta initially, and acquire $k_T$ through collinear gluon exchanges. The $b$-dependent two-parton wave functions with an appropriate path for the Wilson links are gauge-invariant. The hard amplitudes, defined as the difference between the parton-level diagrams of on-shell external particles and their collinear approximation, are also gauge-invariant. We compare the predictions for two-body nonleptonic $B$ meson decays derived from $k_T$ factorization (the PQCD approach) and from collinear factorization (the QCD factorization approach).Comment: 11 pages, REVTEX, 5 figure

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to the σk\sigma_k-Yamabe equation near isolated singularities

$\sigma_k$-Yamabe equations are conformally invariant equations generalizing the classical Yamabe equation. In an earlier work YanYan Li proved that an admissible solution with an isolated singularity at $0\in \mathbb R^n$ to the $\sigma_k$-Yamabe equation is asymptotically radially symmetric. In this work we prove that an admissible solution with an isolated singularity at $0\in \mathbb R^n$ to the $\sigma_k$-Yamabe equation is asymptotic to a radial solution to the same equation on $\mathbb R^n \setminus \{0\}$. These results generalize earlier pioneering work in this direction on the classical Yamabe equation by Caffarelli, Gidas, and Spruck. In extending the work of Caffarelli et al, we formulate and prove a general asymptotic approximation result for solutions to certain ODEs which include the case for scalar curvature and $\sigma_k$ curvature cases. An alternative proof is also provided using analysis of the linearized operators at the radial solutions, along the lines of approach in a work by Korevaar, Mazzeo, Pacard, and Schoen.Comment: 55 page

Study of Bc --> J/psi pi, etac pi decays with perturbative QCD approach

The Bc --> J/psi pi, etac pi decays are studied with the perturbative QCD approach. It is found that form factors and branching ratios are sensitive to the parameters w, v, f_J/psi and f_etac, where w and v are the parameters of the charmonium wave functions for Coulomb potential and harmonic oscillator potential, respectively, f_J/psi and f_etac are the decay constants of the J/psi and etac mesons, respectively. The large branching ratios and the clear signals of the final states make the Bc --> J/psi pi, etac pi decays to be the prospective channels for measurements at the hadron collidersComment: 21 pages, revtex

Restoration of kTk_T factorization for low pTp_T hadron hadroproduction

We discuss the applicability of the $k_T$ factorization theorem to low-$p_T$ hadron production in hadron-hadron collision in a simple toy model, which involves only scalar particles and gluons. It has been shown that the $k_T$ factorization for high-$p_T$ hadron hadroproduction is broken by soft gluons in the Glauber region, which are exchanged among a transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton density and other subprocesses of the collision. We explain that the contour of a loop momentum can be deformed away from the Glauber region at low $p_T$, so the above residual infrared divergence is factorized by means of the standard eikonal approximation. The $k_T$ factorization is then restored in the sense that a TMD parton density maintains its universality. Because the resultant Glauber factor is independent of hadron flavors, experimental constraints on its behavior are possible. The $k_T$ factorization can also be restored for the transverse single-spin asymmetry in hadron-hadron collision at low $p_T$ in a similar way, with the residual infrared divergence being factorized into the same Glauber factor.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, version to appear in EPJ