Mental Health And The Role Of The States

Researchers from the State Health Care Spending Project -- a collaboration between The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation -- sought to better understand the country's mental health challenges and, in particular, the states' role in addressing them. The project found that:In 2013, approximately 44 million adults -- 18.5 percent of the population 18 and older -- were classified as having a mental illness. Of these, 10 million had a serious mental illness. The rate of serious mental illness varied from state to state.In 2009, the most recent year for which national mental health data are available, $147 billion was spent on mental health treatment in the United States. A majority of the spending, 60 percent, came from public sources such as Medicaid, state and local governments, Medicare, and federal grants. Private sources, including health insurance and individual out-of-pocket spending, made up the difference.Funding from states and localities totaled$22 billion (15 percent) in 2009. This total does not include state and local Medicaid expenditures. Counting those contributions brings total state and local spending up to $35.5 billion (24 percent).This report is intended to help federal, state, and local policymakers working to address the country's mental health challenges to better understand their prevalence, treatment, and funding trends

What\u27s on page one? how minorities are depicted in the national print press

The purpose was to identify how positively minority groups and non minority groups are depicted in the American print media. Fifty-two editions each of USA Today and The Wall Street Journal published during 2000 were rated for how positively and negatively minority and non-minority groups were portrayed. Two raters completed a questionnaire, identifying 1,144 newspaper stories and providing 1,626 ratings of minority and/or non-minority groups. Descriptive data and correlational results were calculated. No relationship between socioeconomic status of readership and positive presentation of group or minority/non-minority group membership and positive presentation of group were found. However, it was found that non-minority white males were overrepresented in newspaper stories and that stories about gay men and lesbian women and disabled people and groups were very rare

Habitat Preference of the Introduced Green Crab Carcinus maenas

The aim of this experiment was to determine if Carcinus Maenas (European Green Crab) hhas a habitat preference in Seadrift Lagoon located in Stinson Beach, California. This experiment was accomplished by placing crab traps on the two types of substrate in Seadrift (sand and algae). The traps were pulled up every 24 hours and the size and sex of crabs was recorded. The data was analyzed to see if there was a difference in habitat preference based upon size, sex, and number of crabs. Using a Poisson Regression model, the size and sex of crabs were not significantly different between treatments. Using General Linear Hypothesis Tests the number of crabs in algae were significantly different from the number of crabs in sand, control, and cage control traps

Perioperative complications and neurological outcomes of first and second craniotomies among patients enrolled in the Glioma Outcome Project

Journal ArticleIn many new clinical trials of patients with malignant gliomas surgical intervention is incorporated as an integral part of tumor-directed interstitial therapies such as gene therapy, biodegradable wafer placement, and immunotherapy. Assessment of toxicity is a major component of evaluating these novel therapeutic interventions, but this must be done in light of known complication rates of craniotomy for tumor resection. Factors predicting neurological outcome would also be helpful for patient selection for surgically based clinical trials. Methods. The Glioma Outcome Project is a prospectively compiled database containing information on 788 patients with malignant gliomas that captured clinical practice patterns and patient outcomes. Patients in this series who underwent their first or second craniotomy were analyzed separately for presenting symptoms, tumor and patient characteristics, and perioperative complications. Preoperative and intraoperative factors possibly related to neurological outcome were evaluated

A cultural analysis of management styles : the United States with a new generation of managers in India and China

Author's OriginalIn this study, the outcome of our research represented an interesting difference with both Hofstede’s and GLOBE’s results. Our focus is on well educated, highly trained managers from the US, India and China. The participants were upwardly mobile, some MBA educated, many trained in the Western style of management - essentially a new generation of managers. Questionnaires were given to managers working in multinationals in each of these countries and/or individuals with advanced education. This study extends the findings of Hofstede, the GLOBE and Level 5 Leadership by focusing on the management styles of the modern sector of emerging economies. The research suggests that there are significant and rapid changes on how to manage and how to compete in the new global economy.Samii, M., Schragle-Law, S., & Yang, C. (2008). A cultural analysis of management styles: The United States with a new generation of managers in India and China. Journal of Current Research in Global Business, 2(16)

NLRC5 knockdown in chicken macrophages alters response to LPS and poly (I:C) stimulation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>NLRC5 is a member of the CARD domain containing, nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family, which recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiates an innate immune response leading to inflammation and/or cell death. However, the specific role of <it>NLRC5 </it>as a modulator of the inflammatory immune response remains controversial. It has been reported to be a mediator of type I IFNs, NF-kB, and <it>MHC class I </it>gene. But no study on <it>NLRC5 </it>function has been reported to date in chickens. In the current study, we investigated the role of <it>NLRC5 </it>in the regulation of <it>IFNA</it>, <it>IFNB</it>, <it>IL-6</it>, and <it>MHC class I </it>in the chicken HD11 macrophage cell line, by using RNAi technology. HD11 cells were transfected with one of five siRNAs (s1, s2, s3, negative-siRNA, or a mixture of s1, s2, s3-siRNAs). After 24 hours, cells were exposed to LPS or poly (I:C) or a vehicle control. Gene expression of <it>NLRC5</it>, <it>IFNA</it>, <it>IFNB</it>, <it>IL-6</it>, and <it>MHC class I </it>at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours post stimulation (hps) was quantified by qPCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The expression of <it>NLRC5</it>, <it>IFNA</it>, <it>IFNB</it>, and <it>IL-6 </it>genes in negative irrelevant transfection controls was up-regulated at 2 hps after LPS treatment compared to the vehicle controls. S3-siRNA effectively knocked down <it>NLRC5 </it>expression at 4 hps, and the expression of <it>IFNA </it>and <it>IFNB </it>(but not <it>IL-6 </it>and <it>MHC class I</it>) was also down-regulated at 4 hps in s3-siRNA transfected cells, compared to negative irrelevant transfection controls. Stimulation by LPS appeared to relatively restore the decrease in <it>NLRC5</it>, <it>IFNA</it>, and <it>IFNB </it>expression, but the difference is not significant.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Functional characterization of chicken <it>NLRC5 </it>in an <it>in vitro </it>system demonstrated its importance in regulating intracellular molecules involved in inflammatory response. The knockdown of <it>NLRC5 </it>expression negatively mediates gene expression of <it>IFNA </it>and <it>IFNB </it>in the chicken HD11 cell line; therefore, <it>NLRC5 </it>likely has a role in positive regulation of <it>IFNA </it>and <it>IFNB </it>expression. No direct relationship was found between <it>NLRC5 </it>knockdown and <it>IL-6 </it>and <it>MHC class I </it>expression. Future studies will further clarify the roles of <it>NLRC5 </it>and other NLRs in infectious diseases of chickens and may increase the efficacy of antiviral vaccine design.</p

Sexual Risk Behaviors, Alcohol Abuse, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Sex Workers in Mongolia: Implications for HIV Prevention Intervention Development

This study examines HIV/STI risk behaviors, alcohol abuse, intimate partner violence, and psychological distress among 48 female sex workers in Mongolia to inform the design of a gender-specific, HIV/STI prevention intervention for this population. Quantitative findings demonstrate that over 85% of women reported drinking alcohol at harmful levels; 70% reported using condoms inconsistently with any sexual partner; 83% reported using alcohol before engaging in sex with paying partners; and 38% reported high levels of depression. Focus group findings provide contextual support and narrative descriptions for the ways that poverty, alcohol abuse, interpersonal violence, and cultural norms that stigmatize and marginalize women are intertwined risk factors for STIs, including HIV, among these vulnerable women