Aggregation induced photodynamic therapy enhancement based on linear and nonlinear excited FRET of fluorescent organic nanoparticles

A binary molecule can self-assemble to form fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) based on the Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement (AIEE) property and subsequently, presents an efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to generate singlet oxygen under linear and nonlinear light sources. Biologically, this FON-photosensitizer is much more phototoxic to cancer cells than to normal cells without significant dark toxicity. Eventually, a new approach, called FON FRET-PDT or AIEE FRET-PDT, to promote the PDT effect is expected

Effects of bleaching agents on dental restorative materials: A review of the literature and recommendation to dental practitioners and researchers

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increased demand for improvement in the appearance of natural teeth. The conservative technique of tooth bleaching has gained attention and acceptance from both patients and clinicians. Despite increased popularity, there is controversy surrounding the adverse effects of bleaching on dental restorative materials. This article reviews the effects of bleaching agents on major categories of dental restorative materials and provides evidence-based recommendations to the clinicians and researchers. Current literature reveal that bleaching might have a detrimental effect on restorative materials. However, because of the variability in experimental design, there is a lack of consensus concerning the bleaching effects on restorative materials. A standardized and reproducible guideline for assessment of bleaching effects on restorative materials needs to be established and verified by future studies

Kernel Code Integrity Protection Based on a Virtualized Memory Architecture

Kernel rootkits pose significant challenges on defensive techniques as they run at the highest privilege level along with the protection systems. Modern architectural approaches such as the NX protection have been used in mitigating attacks, however determined attackers can still bypass these defenses with specifically crafted payloads. In this paper, we propose a virtualized Harvard memory architecture to address the kernel code integrity problem, which virtually separates the code fetch and data access on the kernel code to prevent kernel from code modifications. We have implemented the proposed mechanism in commodity operating system, and the experimental results show that our approach is effective and incurs very low overhead