Mongolian laws and their adaptation in early Qing period : with a focus on the Shunzhi era (1644-1661)

PDF/A形式により利用可能アクセス:WWWによる東京外国語大学大学院総合国際学研究科博士 (学術) 論文 (2016年3月)博甲第210号その他のタイトルは英文要旨による参考文献一覧: p157-162東京外国語大学 (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)博士 (学術

Comparative Study of IFN-Based Versus IFN-Free Regimens and Their Efficacy in Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infections

The hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection is a global health burden, WHO estimates 130–150 million people chronically infected with hepatitis C virus worldwide. Additional 3–4 million people become newly infected annually and more than 350,000 people die each year of HCV-related liver diseases. HCV infection exhibits higher genetic diversity with regional variations in genotypic prevalence resulting big challenges on disease management. Introduction of DAAs revolutionised the new era of all oral therapy in treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection and is the regimens of choice in present days. However, IFN-based combination therapy with sofosbuvir has promising efficacy in genotypes 3, 4, 5 or 6 infections compared to genotypes 1 and 2 infections. So, these regimens could be an option in DAAs regimen failure cases. The poor availability of data on recent DAAs (IFN-free) regimens questioned on regular use and cost effectiveness is the another challenge with DAAs regimens. So phase III trials (sofosbuvir and velpatasvir) of recent DAAs with pangenotypic actions and better tolerability in HCV infected patients are the future advances in treatment of chronic hepatitis C. After all those recent combination therapies with better SVR, the combination of pegylated interferon with ribavirin is the only option available where unavailability of other regimens still exists

Pathway and kinetics of cyhalothrin biodegradation by Bacillus thuringiensis strain ZS-19

10.1038/srep08784Scientific Reports

In-situ synthesis of ultra-fine ZrB2–ZrC–SiC nanopowders by sol-gel method

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. ZrB2–ZrC–SiC nanopowders with uniform phase distribution were prepared from cost-effective ZrOCl2·8H2O by a simple sol-gel method. The synthesis route, ceramization mechanism and morphology evolution of the nanopowders were investigated. ZrB2–ZrC–SiC ceramic precursor can be successfully obtained through hydrolysis and condensation reactions between the raw materials. Pyrolysis of the precursor was completed at 650 °C, and it produced ZrO2, SiO2, B2O3 and amorphous carbon with a yield of 39% at 1300 °C. By heat-treated at 1500 °C for 2 h, highly crystallized ZrB2–ZrC–SiC ceramics with narrow size distribution were obtained. With the holding time of 2 h, both the crystal size and the particle size can be refined. Further prolonging the holding time can lead to serious particles coarsening. Studies on the microstructure evolution of the generated carbon during the ceramic conversion demonstrates the negative effect of the ceramic formation on the structure order improvement of the carbon, due to the large amount of defects generated in it by the boro/carbothermal reduction reactions

The Farnesyltransferase β-Subunit Ram1 Regulates Sporisorium scitamineum Mating, Pathogenicity and Cell Wall Integrity

The basidiomycetous fungus Sporisorium scitamineum causes a serious sugarcane smut disease in major sugarcane growing areas. Sexual mating is essential for infection to the host; however, its underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully studied. In this study, we identified a conserved farnesyltransferase (FTase) β subunit Ram1 in S. scitamineum. The ram1Δ mutant displayed significantly reduced mating/filamentation, thus of weak pathogenicity to the host cane. The ram1Δ mutant sporidia showed more tolerant toward cell wall stressor Congo red compared to that of the wild-type. Transcriptional profiling showed that Congo red treatment resulted in notable up-regulation of the core genes involving in cell wall integrity pathway in ram1Δ sporidia compared with that of WT, indicating that Ram1 may be involved in cell wall integrity regulation. In yeast the heterodimeric FTase is responsible for post-translational modification of Ras (small G protein) and a-factor (pheromone). We also identified and characterized two conserved Ras proteins, Ras1 and Ras2, respectively, and a MAT-1 pheromone precursor Mfa1. The ras1Δ, ras2Δ and mfa1Δ mutants all displayed reduced mating/filamentation similar as the ram1Δ mutant. However, both ras1Δ and ras2Δ mutants were hypersensitive to Congo red while the mfa1Δ mutant was the same as wild-type. Overall our study displayed that RAM1 plays an essential role in S. scitamineum mating/filamentation, pathogenicity, and cell wall stability

Ferroelectricity driven by magnetism in quasi-one-dimensional Ba9Fe3Se15

The spin-induced ferroelectricity in quasi-1D spin chain system is little known, which could be fundamentally different from those in three-dimensional (3D) system. Here, we report the ferroelectricity driven by a tilted screw spin order and its exotic dynamic in the spin-chain compound Ba9Fe3Se15. It is found that the spin-induced polarization has already occurred and exhibits magnetoelectric coupling behavior far above the long-range spin order (LRSO) at TN = 14 K. The polarized entities grow and their dynamic responses slow down gradually with decreasing temperature and permeate the whole lattice to form 3D ferroelectricity at TN. Our results reveal that the short-range spin orders (SRSOs) in the decoupled chains play a key role for the exotic dynamic in this dimension reduced system. Ba9Fe3Se15 is the only example so far which exhibits electric polarization above LRSO temperature because of the formation of SRSOs