Synthesis of some new pyrimidine-azitidinone analogues and their antioxidant, in vitro antimicrobial, and antitubercular activities

A series of 1-(3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-4-methylphenyl)-3- chloro-4-(2-mercaptoquinolin-3-yl)azetidin-2-one (7a-j) have been synthesized from the condensation of aromatic amines with N-phenylacetamide. The thione nucleus formed from 2-chloroquionoline-3-carbadehyde using sodium sulphide in dimethyl formamide (DMF) was followed by the reaction with pyrimidine amine to form the Schiff base intermediates. Attempt has been made to derive final azetidinone analogues from Schiff bases by using chloroacetyl chloride. The newly synthesized analogues were examined for the antimicrobial activity against some bacterial and fungal strains and in vitro antituberculosis activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. These observations provide some predictions to design further antibacterial and antituberculosis active compounds prior to their synthesis according to molecular studies

Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: An evaluation of its efficacy in reducing post-operative opioid requirements in caesarean section

Background: Different volumes of local anaesthetic are employed in transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block to provide analgesia for lower abdominal surgeries. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of high versus low volume of bupivacaine TAP block in providing postoperative analgesia for caesarean sections. Settings and Design: Prospective, single-blind, randomized comparative study was performed during post-operative period. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients who had received spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group A received 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine, Group B received 30 ml of 0.166% bupivacaine on each side TAP block under ultrasound guidance, respectively, and Group C did not receive TAP block. Multi-modal analgesia comprising paracetamol, diclofenac and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine was administered to all patients. The primary outcome measure in our study was 24-h post-operative morphine consumption through intravenous (IV) PCA. Other secondary outcome measures were pain scores, nausea, sedation and patient satisfaction scores. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis done using analysis of variance, Fisher's Exact test and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Our primary outcome measure of 24-h cumulative PCA morphine consumption was 18.2 ± 6.5, 17.9 ± 8.6 and 19.4 ± 8.4 mg in groups A, B and C, respectively (P = 0.819). In the secondary outcome measures, 100% of study population in group A & B and 95% of group C had pain score of 0-3 on Numerical Rating Scale (P = 1.000) at 24 hr. 19, 15 and17 patients in group A, B and C, respectively, agreed and 1, 5 and 3 patients in group A, B and C, respectively, very strongly agreed with patient satisfaction survey for pain management (P = 0.265). Conclusion: TAP block as a part of multi-modal analgesia is debatable in the context of reducing the need of post-operative opioids. The present study was unequivocal in that two different volumes of same dose of local anaesthetic failed to demonstrate any clinical or statistical significance in decreasing post-operative opioid consumption following caesarean section

Evaluation of genetic potential of the polyvoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) germplasm and identification of parents for breeding programme

In the present study, polyvoltine germplasm stock of Andhra Pradesh State Sericulture Research and Development, Institute (APSSRDI) was evaluated for its performance based on quantitative and qualitative traits. Twenty-one oval and 10 peanut cocoon shaped lines were reared in different seasons of the year. Since the polyvoltines are non-diapausing, six generations were reared and evaluated for various economically important traits based on evaluation index and sub-ordinate function statistical methods. Ten top ranked lines obtained by using both the methods were identified as potential parental strains. Among oval lines, APM14, APM11, APM18, APMW9, and APM19, and among peanut lines APMD5, APMD1, APMD3, APMD9 and APMD8 were selected as base material. The identified high yielding lines will be used in various breeding programmes as initial parents for the synthesis of superior polyvoltine breeds/hybrids