Marine microbial films and the corrosion of steel

Succession of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial films on mild steel has been studied for 100 days in two contrasting seawater sites at Mandapam. The relation between primary film microfouling and initiation of anaerobic corrosion has been attempted The ecological aspects in anaerobic corrosion beneath marine fouling are discussed in the light of the results of present work and already available data on marine corrosio

Marine fouling and corrosion studies in the coastal waters of Mandapam, India

Results of a comprehensive study on marine fouling conducted in the coastal waters of Mandapam, India, are presented. Based on data from different tests, the effects of fouling organisms on the phenomena of corrosion and cathodic protection are discusse

Corrosion potentials of metals and alloys as influenced by microbiological slime in seawater

The influence of marine microbiological film formation on the free corrosion potentials of some alloys has been investigated. 304 and 316 stainless steels, and 3004 aluminium show considerable ennoblement of potentials in natural seawater compared to sterile seawater and 3% sodium chloride solution. Mild steel, copper and titanium have been found to be less susceptible to this effect. Galvanic currents measured between different couples in natural seawater are quite different from those obtained in the microbe-free situations. Results of the experiments, particularly of aluminium-mild steel couple, provide reasons for the consideration of microbiological component of seawater in predicting galvanic corrosion behavior of certain alloys. The validity of conventional 3% NaCl tests is critically examined and results are discusse

Surgical pathology to describe the clinical margin of debridement of chronic wounds using a wound electronic medical record

Chronic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), pressure ulcers (PU), and venous ulcers (VU) result from multiple physiologic impairments. Operative debridement is a mainstay of treatment to remove nonviable tissue and to stimulate wound healing. Unlike tumor resection, however, operative wound specimens are not routinely sent for pathology. The objective of this study was to describe the pathology present in chronic wounds. Pathology reports of the skin edge and wound base from 397 initial debridements in 336 consecutive patients with chronic wounds were retrospectively reviewed. All data were entered and stored in a Wound Electronic Medical Record. Pathology data were extracted from the Wound Electronic Medical Record, coded, and quantified. Up to 15 distinct histopathologic findings across 7 tissue types were observed after review of pathology reports from chronic wounds. Specifically, the pathology of epidermis revealed hyperkeratosis: 66% in DFUs, 31% in PUs, and 29% in VUs. Dermal pathology revealed fibrosis in 49% of DFUs, 30% of PUs, and 15% of VUs. Wound bed pathology revealed necrosis in the subcutaneous tissue in 67% of DFUs, 55% of PUs, and 19% of VUs. Fibrosis was reported in between 19% and 52% of all wound types. Acute osteomyelitis was present in 39% of DFUs, 33% of PUs, and 29% of VUs. This observational study of the histopathology of initial surgical debridement of chronic wounds revealed a wide range of findings across multiple tissue levels. Although certain findings such as osteomyelitis and gangrene have been shown to directly relate to impaired wound healing and amputation, other findings require additional investigation. To rigorously define a margin of debridement, a prospective study relating histopathology and clinical outcomes such as healing rates and amputation is needed