A liquid crystalline copper phthalocyanine derivative for high performance organic thin film transistors

This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012Bottom-gate, bottom-contact organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated using solvent soluble copper 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(hexyl)phthalocyanine as the active semiconductor layer. The compound was deposited as 70 nm thick spin-coated films onto gold source–drain electrodes supported on octadecyltrichlorosilane treated 250 nm thick SiO2 gate insulators. The performance of the OTFTs was optimised by investigating the effects of vacuum annealing of the films at temperatures between 50 0C and 200 0C, a range that included the thermotropic mesophase of the bulk material. These effects were monitored by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and XRD measurements. Device performance was shown to be dependent upon the annealing temperature due to structural changes of the film. Devices heat treated at 100 0C under vacuum (≥10-7 mbar) were found to exhibit the highest field-effect mobility, 0.7 cm2 V^-1 s^-1, with an on–off current modulation ratio of~107, a reduced threshold voltage of 2.0 V and a sub-threshold swing of 1.11 V per decade.UK Technology Strategy Board (Project no: TP/6/EPH/6/S/K2536J) and UK National Measurement System (Project IRD C02 ‘‘Plastic Electronics’’, 2008–2011)

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of NP24-I, an isoform of a thaumatin-like protein from ripe tomato fruits

A thaumatin-like antifungal protein, NP24-I, has been isolated from ripe tomato fruits. It was crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method and data were collected to 2.45 Å. The structure was solved by molecular replacement

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the cysteine protease ervatamin A from Ervatamia coronaria

Ervatamin A is a papain-family cysteine protease with high activity and stability. It has been isolated and purified from the latex of the medicinal flowering plant E. coronaria and crystallized by the vapour-diffusion technique. Crystals diffracted to 2.1 Å and the structure was solved by molecular replacement

Oxorhenium(V) and Oxotechnetium(V) Complexes of Cysteine

Earlier attempts to obtain technetium complexes with cysteine always resulted in the formation of a product contaminated with polymeric species. A pure product, which could be chemically characterized and adopted for radiopharmaceutical preparation, has now been obtained by using cystine as the precursor of cysteine. This method has been extended to prepare the corresponding rhenium chelate, isolated as the tetraphenylphosphonium salt [Ph4P]+[{ReO(Cys)2}-{HReO(Cys)2}]‚4H2O. The X-ray crystal structure of this compound revealed the presence of both neutral and anionic chelated species. In [HReO(Cys)2], the cysteine carboxylate moiety is unidentatedly bound to rhenium, while the carboxylic acid of the second cysteine remains as free COOH. The coordination environment around rhenium in the anionic species [ ReO(Cys)2 -] is similar, the only difference being that the uncoordinated carboxylate moiety is present as a COO- anion. The thiolate, amine coordination of the ligand with the metal is present in both the chelate units. The compound crystallized in an orthorhombic system with the space group P212121, and having four formula units in each cell. The crystal data are a ) 9.700(2) Å, b ) 12.836(3) Å, and c ) 36.228(3) Å. The rhenium chelate has been structurally correlated with the technetium chelates through comparable spectroscopic and chromatographic data. The technetium-99m analogue of this rhenium chelate exhibited renal tubular transport and renal retention, which makes this radiopharmaceutical useful for evaluation of the clinical status of renal patients

Refined Crystal Structure (2.3A° ) of a Double-Headed Winged Bean a-Chymotrypsin Inhibitor and Location of Its Second Reactive Site

The crystal structure of a doubleheaded a-chymotrypsin inhibitor, WCI, from winged bean seeds has now been refined at 2.3A° resolution to an R-factor of 18.7% for 9,897 reflections. The crystals belong to the hexagonal space group P6122 with cell parameters a 5 b 5 61.8A° and c 5 212.8A° . The final model has a good stereochemistry and a root mean square deviation of 0.011A° and 1.14° from ideality for bond length and bond angles, respectively. A total of 109 ordered solvent molecules were localized in the structure. This improved structure at 2.3A° led to an understanding of themechanism of inhibition of the protein against a-chymotrypsin.An analysis of this higher resolution structure also helped us to predict the location of the second reactive site of the protein, about which no previous biochemical information was available. The inhibitor structure is spherical and has twelve antiparallel b-strands with connecting loops arranged in a characteristic b-trefoil fold common to other homologous serine protease inhibitors in the Kunitz (STI) family as well as to some non homologous functionally unrelated proteins. Awide variation in the surface loop regions is seen in the latter ones. Proteins 1999;35:321–331. r 1999Wiley-Liss, Inc

Radiation Safety for Anesthesiologists and Other Personnel on Simultaneous PET/MRI: Possible Radiation Exposure from Patients While Performing Prolonged Duration Scans

This observational study was conducted owing to the challenges of the positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) that requires longer duration scanning of radiopharmaceutical injected patient and added MRI environment. The aim of this study was to assess radiation dose at different distances from the patient and the radiation burden to anesthesiologist and other personnel in performing PET/MRI under general anesthesia or sedation. First, the pre- and postscan whole body radiation exposure (WBE) from the patient were obtained for 45 minutes (n = 109) after injection of the radiopharmaceutical. The WBE was obtained at specific distances from brain (10, 30, and 100 cm) and abdomen (10 and 30cm) of patients undergoing F18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI brain or whole body studies. Second, WBE of the anesthesiologist and other staff working was separately measured using pocket dosimeters during the whole procedure. In brain scans, the mean absorbed dose rates (ADR) of prescan (45 minutes) and postscan (45 minutes) were 44.4 and 31.1 μSv at 10 cm, 14.9 and 9.7μSv at 30 cm, and 3.5 and 2.8 μSv at 100 cm, respectively, from surface of head. Similarly, it was 54.8 and 30.3 μSv at 10 cm, 23 and 13.6μSv at 30 cm, respectively, from surface of abdomen. In WB scans, the mean ADR was higher than the brain scans. Anesthesiologist exposure overall was found to be 4.84 µSv/patient/scan (112 patients). The anesthesiologist receives a safe mean effective dose in PET/MRI scanning. With good training and adequate planning, it is possible to decrease the radiation exposure to all the concerned personnel including anesthesiologists

Cultura e società in India

Il volume offre in forma sintetica e accessibile tutte le informazioni necessarie per capire l’India contemporanea: accanto ai capitoli sulla politica e l’economia, sulla società e la religione, il lettore troverà dunque saggi dedicati alla poesia e alla narrativa, alla pittura e all’architettura, al cinema e al teatro.- Indice #9- Prefazione, Marcello Pacini #13- La cultura politica dello Stato indiano, Ashis Nandy #17- Il passato e il presente: un dialogo indiano, Ravinder Kumar #43- L’impresa indiana oggi, Rajni Kothari #65- Libertà di vignetta, libertà di parola, R. K. Laxman #81- Il pubblico, il privato e il sacro, Charles Correa #105- La religione in India, T. N. Madan #125- Autorità e identità in India, T. G. Vaidyanathan #155- La pittura indiana contemporanea, Gieve Patel #179- La narrativa indiana contemporanea, Anita Desai #213-Un’intervista con R. K. Narayan, Stephen R. Graubard #243- Raccontar fiabe, A. K. Ramanujan #249- Voci di bambini, Veena Das #271- Sedici poesie indiane moderne a cura di Vinay Dhanoadker e A. K. Ramanujan #301- Il teatro in India, Girish Karnad #331- L’India, gli indiani e la scienza, Pushpa M. Bhargava e Chandana Chakrabarti #353- Lo sviluppo dell’India: ammaestramenti, Amartya K. Sen #365- Glossario #389- Cronologia #415- Bibliografia #48