Maternal and child nutrition in rural Chhattisgarh: the role of health beliefs and practices

Commonwealth Scholarship Commission; Foundation for Urban and Regional Studies; Parkes Foundatio

Demostración de resultado económico: percepción del comando da aeronáutica de Brasil

No ano de 2010, uma alteração no quadro normativo brasileiro introduziu a Demonstração do Resultado Econômico (DRE) para o setor público, que busca comparar custos internos de produção com valores de mercado, segundo o conceito de custo de oportunidade. Este estudo procura analisar as possíveis respostas estratégicas dos gestores , buscando perceber se a cultura contábil existente no País permite a aceitação do novo instrumento. Por meio das percepções dos agentes públicos do Comando da Aeronáutica (Comaer), no Brasil, conclui-se que a resposta estratégica dos entrevistados tende para a atitude de aceitação da nova rotina, demonstrando traços de menor conservadorismo e maior interesse pela evidenciação de resultados.In 2010, a change in the Brazilian accounting regulatory framework introduced the Demonstração do Resultado Econômico (DRE) [Economic Income Statement] for the public sector, which seeks to compare the internal costs of production to market values, according to the concept of opportunity cost. This study aims to analyse the possible strategic responses of managers and tries to understand if the existing accounting culture in Brazil facilitates the introduction of the new statement. By means of perceptions of officials of the Aeronautical Command (Comaer), in Brazil, it is possible to conclude that the strategic response of respondents is closer to acceptance of the new routine, showing traces of less conservatism and greater interest for displaying results.En el año 2010, una modificación del cuadro normativo brasileño introdujo la Demostración del Resultado Económico (DRE) para el sector público, que busca comparar los costos internos de producción con los valores del mercado, según el concepto de costo de oportunidad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las posibles respuestas estratégicas de los gestores, con el fin de percibir si la cultura contable existente en el país permite la aceptación del nuevo instrumento. Por medio de las percepciones de los agentes públicos del Comando da Aeronáutica (Comaer), en Brasil, se concluyó que la respuesta estratégica de los entrevistados tiende a aceptar la nueva rutina, mostrando rasgos de menos conservadurismo y más interés por la manifestación de resultados.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Neuroblast-specific chromatin landscapes allows the integration of spatial and temporal cues during Drosophila neurogenesis

Spatial and temporal cues are required to specify neuronal diversity, but how these cues are integrated in neural progenitors remains unknown. Drosophila progenitors (neuroblasts) are a good model: they are individually identifiable with relevant spatial and temporal transcription factors known. Here we test whether spatial/temporal factors act independently or sequentially in neuroblasts. We used Targeted-DamID to identify genomic binding sites of the Hunchback temporal factor in two neuroblasts (NB5-6 and NB7-4) that make different progeny. Hunchback targets were different in each neuroblast, ruling out the independent specification model. Moreover, each neuroblast had distinct open chromatin domains, which correlated with differential Hb-bound loci in each neuroblast. Importantly, Gsb/Pax3 spatial factor binding correlated with open chromatin in NB5-6, but not NB7-4. Our data support a model in which early-acting spatial factors establish neuroblast-specific open chromatin domains, leading to neuroblast-specific temporal factor binding and the production of different neurons in each neuroblast lineage.</jats:p

Risk of Developing Seizures in Children With Abnormal EEG Findings During Polysomnography.

BACKGROUND: Polysomnography (PSG) utilizes abbreviated electroencephalogram (EEG) to stage sleep. The aim of this study was to determine whether epileptiform abnormalities on this limited EEG coverage correlated with abnormalities on routine EEG (rEEG) and an increased risk for seizures in children without a prior diagnosis of epilepsy. METHODS: A six-year retrospective chart review was performed assessing children with abnormalities on EEG during PSG. Children who underwent subsequent rEEG were included; children with a prior diagnosis of seizures were excluded. The main outcome measures were rEEG results and subsequent diagnosis of epilepsy. RESULTS: A total of 67 children met inclusion criteria. Average age was six years, and 43 (64%) were male. rEEG was normal in 16 (24%). Epileptiform abnormalities were focal in 36 (54%), generalized in eight (12%), and mixed in five (8%). An additional two (3%) had slow background rhythm without epileptiform discharges. Thirty-one patients had neurology clinic follow-up with an average duration of 31 months (range 4 to 65 months). Of these, nine (29%) developed seizures, including all three with generalized epileptiform discharges, four of 19 (21%) with focal epileptiform discharges, and two of five (40%) with mixed epileptiform discharges or background slowing. None of the four patients with a normal rEEG had seizures. Eight of the nine patients with seizures were treated with antiepileptic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Children with no history of seizures found to have abnormal EEG during PSG are likely to have an abnormal rEEG. Additionally, they have an increased risk for developing seizures

Prostate specific antigen in Africans: a study in Nigerian men

Background: Since the reference range of prostate specific antigen (PSA) that are used for the screening, diagnosis and management of prostate disease are based on studies of PSA range in Caucasians and African-Americas, they may not be applicable to other ethnicities, especially indigenous African populations. Methods: In a hospital-based study, we measured total PSA levels using an immunoassay (DSL-10-9700 Active Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Webster, TX) in patients with prostate disease (n = 48) and age-matched controls (n = 64). Results: The mean total PSA value for healthy Nigerians was significantly lower than the established values for African-Americans (2.22+/- 2.90 ng/ml versus 7.56+/- 1.11 ng/ml, respectively). PSA values in the controls did not increase with age. Severity of symptoms was not age-dependent; however, PSA levels did increase with severity of symptoms (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The PSA range of healthy Nigerian men were significantly lower than those of African-American or Caucasian men. This underscores the need for a population-specific reference range for African men. Key Words: Prostate specific antigen, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research Vol.5(1&2) 2003: 114-11

Mitochondrial volume fraction and translation duration impact mitochondrial mRNA localization and protein synthesis

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that must precisely control their protein composition according to cellular energy demand. Although nuclear-encoded mRNAs can be localized to the mitochondrial surface, the importance of this localization is unclear. As yeast switch to respiratory metabolism, there is an increase in the fraction of the cytoplasm that is mitochondrial. Our data point to this change in mitochondrial volume fraction increasing the localization of certain nuclear-encoded mRNAs to the surface of the mitochondria. We show that mitochondrial mRNA localization is necessary and sufficient to increase protein production to levels required during respiratory growth. Furthermore, we find that ribosome stalling impacts mRNA sensitivity to mitochondrial volume fraction and counterintuitively leads to enhanced protein synthesis by increasing mRNA localization to mitochondria. This points to a mechanism by which cells are able to use translation elongation and the geometric constraints of the cell to fine-tune organelle-specific gene expression through mRNA localization