Ambulatory intraocular pressure fluctuation recording with a novel wireless smart silicone contact lens sensor

The Conference program's website is located at http://apacrs2014.org/free_papers.htmlSession - FP1: General: no. FP1-03INTRODUCTION: Monitoring of treatment response in the management of glaucomatous optic neuropathy relies on single intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements during regular clinic hours at regular intervals. However IOP is a dynamic parameter with circadian rhythms as well as posture and exercise related fluctuations. The introduction of continuous 24 hour IOP monitoring technology has created a paradigm shift in glaucoma management. Our wireless smart contact lens sensor was previously validated in-vivo and ex-vivo in animal models. Here we describe the performance of the sensor in ...postprin

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Prevalence of and risk factors for androgen deficiency in middle-aged men in Hong Kong

The purpose of this investigation was to study the prevalence of and risk factors for androgen deficiency in middle-aged men in Hong Kong. A community-based, cross-sectional household survey was performed in Hong Kong on men aged 45 to 64 years. Demographics, lifestyle information (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity), and symptoms previously defined for identifying those with androgen deficiency were measured by using standardized questionnaires. Blood samples were collected in the morning, and total, free, and bioavailable testosterone levels were assessed. Data on androgen deficiency were available for 252 men aged 45 to 64 years. Crude prevalence of androgen deficiency was 9.52%. Prevalence increased significantly with age. For risk factors, having a lower personal income and having a history of hypertension were independently associated with increased risk of having androgen deficiency (odds ratio, 3.72; confidence interval, 1.01-13.61; and odds ratio, 2.89; confidence interval, 1.06-7.91, respectively). The prevalence of androgen deficiency in Hong Kong Chinese is similar to that found in Caucasians by using a similar definition. From this age-specific prevalence cross-sectional data, it is estimated that there are approximately 68,775 Hong Kong Chinese men aged 45-64 years with androgen deficiency. Future studies with large sample size are needed to evaluate the risk factors for androgen deficiency in men. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Energy based failure criterion for interfacial delamination

Plastic integrated circuit packages can fail due to delamination between the interfaces of the different materials. The adhesion properties across the interface of the epoxy encapsulant and the substrate are important to package reliability. The button shear test is one of the standard tests carried out to evaluate the interfacial adhesion material properties. This paper presents a method to derive a criterion for interfacial delamination using the result of the button shear test. A series of button shear tests was conducted to evaluate the adhesion properties of Epoxy Molding Compounds (EMCs) on copper substrate. In each of the tests, the critical load acting on the EMC of the button shear sample was measured at different shear heights and a finite element model was used to evaluate the stresses at the interface between the mold compound and the copper substrate. The distortional and hydrostatic strain energy densities across the interface were also calculated. The test was also applied to a range of EMC materials. The distortional energy was found to have a linear relationship with the square of the fracture load and the EMC's Young's Modulus. The hydrostatic energy was also found to have a similar but marginally different relationship with those terms. The result of the energy densities across the interface at different shear heights was also reviewed. Based on these observations, a delamination criterion was developed which includes the ratio of the distortional and hydrostatic energy density. The delamination criterion is to be tested on packages under thermal loading

Comparative accuracies of automated and manual office blood pressure measurements in a Chinese population

We aimed to assess the difference in the accuracy of readings from automated office blood pressure machines with each other or with manual office blood pressure measurements in Chinese individuals. We collected awake 48-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, two automated office blood pressure device (BpTRU and WatchBP) readings, and manual office blood pressure measurements in Chinese patients (n = 135) with hypertension in a randomized sequence. Differences were compared using paired t-tests and Bland–Altman plots. The sensitivity and specificity of the techniques for detecting elevated blood pressure were calculated using awake ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as the reference standard. The WatchBP device’s and awake ambulatory blood pressure readings were similar. The BpTRU device provided significantly lower mean systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic (P < 0.001) blood pressure readings, while manual office BP provided significantly higher mean systolic (P = 0.008) and diastolic (P < 0.001) blood pressure readings than the awake automated office blood pressure readings. Automated and manual office blood pressure measurements showed similar sensitivity, specificity, and 95% limits of agreement as based on Bland–Altman plots. The mean systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic (P < 0.02) blood pressure readings of WatchBP and BpTRU differed, and their diagnostic performances were not superior than those of manual office blood pressure measurements in Chinese patients. Therefore, automated office blood pressure measurements cannot be routinely recommended for Chinese individuals in clinical practice. More studies are needed to confirm these results

Ambulatory intraocular pressure fluctuation recording with a novel wireless smart silicone contact lens sensor

S227 Glaucoma - Free Paper Session: Clinical Sciences 4The Conference program's website is located at http://www.apgc-isohk-2014.org/2014/congress/register/PDS_program_schedule.php?session_id=67Introduction: Monitoring of treatment response in the anagement of glaucomatous optic neuropathy relies on single intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements during regular clinic hours at regular intervals. However IOP is a dynamic parameter with circadian rhythms as well as posture and exercise related fluctuations. The introduction of continuous 24 hour IOP monitoring technology has created a paradigm shift in glaucoma management. Our wireless smart contact lens sensor was previously validated in-vivo and ex-vivo in animal models. Here we describe the performance of the sensor in ambulatory human subjects. Methodology: The performance of the sensor is tested in healthy human subjects over 24 hours while assuming normal activities to document individualized circadian rhythms. The sensor is then used to document specific postural changes and moderate aerobic exercise. The order of serial postural changes was as follows: sitting ⇒ supine 10 mins ⇒supine 30 mins ⇒ sitting. For moderate aerobic exercise, IOP fluctuation was tested during 20-minute moderate submaximal exercise (60-80 Watts) on a bicycle ergometer. Results: 5 healthy subjects were recruited for preliminary testing. Intraocular pressure fluctuation profiles firstly over 24 hours and secondly during specific ostural changes and moderate aerobic exercise are documented. Highly individual and repeatable profiles were obtained. Conclusion: This contact lens sensor can detect IOP fluctuations related to circadian rhythms, postural changes and exercise. It has potential to be used in 24 hour IOP monitoring in glaucoma management