RETAINED SURGICAL FOREIGN BODIES: CAN THESE BE PREVENTED?

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the frequency and modes of presentation of retained surgical foreign bodies. Methodology: This study was carried out mainly at a private teaching hospital i.e. Isra University Hospital and four other non-teaching private hospitals of Hyderabad city over a period of five years from June 2004 to May 2009. Results: A total of 15 patients with retained surgical foreign body were found during the above mentioned study period. Female patients were more common than male patients. Gynaecological procedures were more frequently associated with surgical retained foreign bodies. Most (60%) of the causative procedures were performed as emergency procedures. Retained sponge was the most frequent foreign body (60%) followed by gauze piece. Discharging sinuses and abdominal masses (33.3% each) were the most frequent presentations followed by intestinal obstruction (20%). Conclusion: Retained surgical foreign body is a rare but well known iatrogenic complication of surgery mostly seen in procedures done as emergency. Discharging sinuses, abdominal mass and intestinal obstruction are the most common modes of presentation. Proper frequent double sponge count and use of radioopaque markers are the major preventive measures to safeguard against this dangerous complication

The Pattern of Musculoskeletal Cancers in Pakistan

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the pattern of musculoskeletal cancers in the Pakistani population who visited NIMRA hospital situated at Jamshoro. METHODOLOGY: It was an observational retrospective study conducted at the Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy (NIMRA) and LUMHS, Jamshoro, from August 2019 to December 2020. A total of 626 patients were selected for this study. The data regarding patients were sourced from NIMRA, LUMHS Jamshoro. All the patients of both genders and ages diagnosed at NIMRA with any cancer were included in the study. Patients who did not return for follow-up after their metastatic and laboratory tests were excluded from the study. A Chi-square test was conducted to assess the association between diagnosed cancers versus gender and age groups. The confidence interval was set at 95%, and the probability value ≤0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 626 patients were selected for this study. Of them, 362 (57.8%) were males and 264 (42.2%) were females, with a mean age of 34.67 years and a standard deviation of 18.998. The most prevalent cancer is soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) 129 (20.6%), followed by chondrosarcoma 119 (19%), and osteosarcoma 91 (14.5%). Forty percent of the cancers were diagnosed as stage II, followed by stage III (22%), stage IV (22%) and stage-I (16%), respectively. A significant association between diagnosed cancers were found with gender (p=0.001) and age group (p=<0.001). CONCLUSION: Soft-tissue sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma are the most common musculoskeletal cancers in the Pakistani population