The Effect of Scale on Productivity of Turkish Banks in the Post-Crises Period: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the productivity of Turkish Banks according to the effect of scale in the Post-Crises Period. The data used in this study covers the period from 2002:1 to 2004:3. We applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is a non-parametric linear programming-based technique for measuring relative performance of decision-making units (DMUs). We calculated DEA as constant & variable return-to-scale based on output oriented Malmquist Index. Although the scale effect can be measured with DEA scale efficiency measurement, we used scale indicators as input variables in order to find out not only scale efficiency but also scale affect directly. We applied DEA by using financial ratios (Athanassopoulos and Ballantine, 1995; Yeh, 1996) and branch & personel number indicators. This study uses five input variables as i) branch numbers, ii) personnel number per branch, iii) share in total assets, iv) share in total loans, v) share in total deposits; and five output variables as i) net profit-losses/total assets (ROA), ii) net profit-losses/total shareholders equity (ROE), iii) net interest income/total assets, iv) net interest income/ total operating income, and v) noninterest income/total assets. We find that difference in efficiency is mainly from technical efficiency rather than scale efficiency in the post-crises period. The other finding reveals that efficiency approximate between selected banks and supporting that advantage of scale economies can be lost in Turkish banking. Overall, the results confirm that Turkish banking has U shaped Scale Efficiency on selected profitability ratios. The application of this paper based on other financial ratios with decreasing and increasing return-to-scale DEA is left to future research.Turkish Banks; Return to Scale; Scale Efficiency; Profit Efficiency; Data Envelopment Analysis

Development of Accounting Education in the Republic of Turkey: The Economic and Commercial Sciences Academies (1959-1982)

© 2020 Oktay Güvemli Waqf of Accounting and Financial History (MUFTAV).The period (1959-1982) saw an accelerated economic change in Turkey. As the rate of economic change increased, this era witnessed remarkable innovation in higher education in order to meet the needs of a fast changing business. Implementation of liberal economic policies in the 1950s and an increase in size of the private sector also witnessed the establishment of higher schools of economics and commerce in Ankara (1955) and in Eskişehir (1958). These schools with their higher education school status moved towards meeting the increasing need to produce business administration graduates capable of working in accounting. In 1959, these higher schools become economic and commercial sciences academies. In the 1960s and 1970s, three more academies were established throughout the country. These institutions started to put the emphasis on Turkish accounting education. This paper reveals the establishment, development and transformation periods of economics and commercial sciences academies within the framework of Turkish accounting history. These academies occupy a particularly importance position due to their function in training qualified accounting professionals.Peer reviewe

The Effect of Scale on Productivity of Turkish Banks in the Post-Crises Period: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the productivity of Turkish Banks according to the effect of scale in the Post-Crises Period. The data used in this study covers the period from 2002:1 to 2004:3. We applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is a non-parametric linear programming-based technique for measuring relative performance of decision-making units (DMUs). We calculated DEA as constant & variable return-to-scale based on output oriented Malmquist Index. Although the scale effect can be measured with DEA scale efficiency measurement, we used scale indicators as input variables in order to find out not only scale efficiency but also scale affect directly. We applied DEA by using financial ratios (Athanassopoulos and Ballantine, 1995; Yeh, 1996) and branch & personel number indicators. This study uses five input variables as i) branch numbers, ii) personnel number per branch, iii) share in total assets, iv) share in total loans, v) share in total deposits; and five output variables as i) net profit-losses/total assets (ROA), ii) net profit-losses/total shareholders equity (ROE), iii) net interest income/total assets, iv) net interest income/ total operating income, and v) noninterest income/total assets. We find that difference in efficiency is mainly from technical efficiency rather than scale efficiency in the post-crises period. The other finding reveals that efficiency approximate between selected banks and supporting that advantage of scale economies can be lost in Turkish banking. Overall, the results confirm that Turkish banking has U shaped Scale Efficiency on selected profitability ratios. The application of this paper based on other financial ratios with decreasing and increasing return-to-scale DEA is left to future research

The Effect of Scale on Productivity of Turkish Banks in the Post-Crises Period: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the productivity of Turkish Banks according to the effect of scale in the Post-Crises Period. The data used in this study covers the period from 2002:1 to 2004:3. We applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is a non-parametric linear programming-based technique for measuring relative performance of decision-making units (DMUs). We calculated DEA as constant & variable return-to-scale based on output oriented Malmquist Index. Although the scale effect can be measured with DEA scale efficiency measurement, we used scale indicators as input variables in order to find out not only scale efficiency but also scale affect directly. We applied DEA by using financial ratios (Athanassopoulos and Ballantine, 1995; Yeh, 1996) and branch & personel number indicators. This study uses five input variables as i) branch numbers, ii) personnel number per branch, iii) share in total assets, iv) share in total loans, v) share in total deposits; and five output variables as i) net profit-losses/total assets (ROA), ii) net profit-losses/total shareholders equity (ROE), iii) net interest income/total assets, iv) net interest income/ total operating income, and v) noninterest income/total assets. We find that difference in efficiency is mainly from technical efficiency rather than scale efficiency in the post-crises period. The other finding reveals that efficiency approximate between selected banks and supporting that advantage of scale economies can be lost in Turkish banking. Overall, the results confirm that Turkish banking has U shaped Scale Efficiency on selected profitability ratios. The application of this paper based on other financial ratios with decreasing and increasing return-to-scale DEA is left to future research

Working capital management and firm performance in the hospitality and tourism industry

© 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103144The aim of this study is to provide empirical evidence concerning the effects of working capital on firm performance in the hospitality and tourism industry. We identify an inverted U-shaped relationship between working capital and firm performance. More specifically, the U-shaped relationship exists for accommodation, food and travel firms. In contrast, a positive linear relationship is valid for sport firms while changes in working capital have no effect on performance for gambling firms. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first empirical research study to extend cross-country analysis in respect of sub-hospitality and tourism industries to a worldwide context. The findings suggest that hospitality and tourism managers should consider the diversity of relationships between working capital and firm performance in sub-hospitality and tourism industries when deciding on an appropriate strategy for working capital management.Peer reviewe