Photography and Memory

The period 1880–1940 saw the world of French photography struggling against state procrastination in its efforts to obtain an institutional policy favorable to the medium. What tactics were deployed in this dialogue with the powers that be? And what were the results? Commemoration – building the future through a rereading of the past – was adopted as one of the avenues to recognition, notably by the Société Française de Photographie, numerically and financially the most powerful of the professional bodies in the field. Statues dedicated to the fathers of photography in France were the first manifestation of this stratagem, which was maintained throughout the period in the form of anniversaries – the half-century celebration of 1889, the centenaries of 1925 and 1939 – complete with banquets, official speeches and retrospective exhibitions. By the eve of the Second World War, however, the balance sheet was unimpressive: officialdom was at last paying some attention, but the direct, material benefits were negligible

Photography and Memory

The period 1880–1940 saw the world of French photography struggling against state procrastination in its efforts to obtain an institutional policy favorable to the medium. What tactics were deployed in this dialogue with the powers that be? And what were the results? Commemoration – building the future through a rereading of the past – was adopted as one of the avenues to recognition, notably by the Société Française de Photographie, numerically and financially the most powerful of the professional bodies in the field. Statues dedicated to the fathers of photography in France were the first manifestation of this stratagem, which was maintained throughout the period in the form of anniversaries – the half-century celebration of 1889, the centenaries of 1925 and 1939 – complete with banquets, official speeches and retrospective exhibitions. By the eve of the Second World War, however, the balance sheet was unimpressive: officialdom was at last paying some attention, but the direct, material benefits were negligible

La mémoire photographique

Entre les années 1880 et la fin de l’entre-deux-guerres, le monde de la photographie française tente de conjurer l’attentisme de l’état et de le mener à une politique institutionnelle en faveur du médium. Quels sont les moyens et les résultats de ce dialogue avec le pouvoir ? La mobilisation par la commémoration, autrement dit construire l’avenir par une relecture du passé, est l’une des voies adoptées pour obtenir cette reconnaissance, notamment du fait de la Société française de photo­graphie, société la plus puissante du secteur en termes de capital humain et financier. Les statues dédiées aux pères de la photographie en France marquent le début de ce phénomène, qui se poursuit pendant toute la période, sous la forme d’anniversaires – on pense au cinquantenaire (1889) et aux centenaires de 1925 et 1939 –, qui réunissent à la fois banquets, discours officiels et expositions rétrospectives. À la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le bilan de ce dialogue est mitigé, car, si le monde photographique français a réussi à capter l’attention de l’état, les retombées directes et matérielles restent dérisoires.The period 1880–1940 saw the world of French photography struggling against state procrastination in its efforts to obtain an institutional policy favorable to the medium. What tactics were deployed in this dialogue with the powers that be? And what were the results? Commemoration – building the future through a rereading of the past – was adopted as one of the avenues to recognition, notably by the Société Française de Photographie, numerically and financially the most powerful of the professional bodies in the field. Statues dedicated to the fathers of photography in France were the first manifestation of this stratagem, which was maintained throughout the period in the form of anniversaries – the half-century celebration of 1889, the centenaries of 1925 and 1939 – complete with banquets, official speeches and retrospective exhibitions. By the eve of the Second World War, however, the balance sheet was unimpressive: officialdom was at last paying some attention, but the direct, material benefits were negligible

La mémoire photographique

Entre les années 1880 et la fin de l’entre-deux-guerres, le monde de la photographie française tente de conjurer l’attentisme de l’état et de le mener à une politique institutionnelle en faveur du médium. Quels sont les moyens et les résultats de ce dialogue avec le pouvoir ? La mobilisation par la commémoration, autrement dit construire l’avenir par une relecture du passé, est l’une des voies adoptées pour obtenir cette reconnaissance, notamment du fait de la Société française de photo­graphie, société la plus puissante du secteur en termes de capital humain et financier. Les statues dédiées aux pères de la photographie en France marquent le début de ce phénomène, qui se poursuit pendant toute la période, sous la forme d’anniversaires – on pense au cinquantenaire (1889) et aux centenaires de 1925 et 1939 –, qui réunissent à la fois banquets, discours officiels et expositions rétrospectives. À la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le bilan de ce dialogue est mitigé, car, si le monde photographique français a réussi à capter l’attention de l’état, les retombées directes et matérielles restent dérisoires.The period 1880–1940 saw the world of French photography struggling against state procrastination in its efforts to obtain an institutional policy favorable to the medium. What tactics were deployed in this dialogue with the powers that be? And what were the results? Commemoration – building the future through a rereading of the past – was adopted as one of the avenues to recognition, notably by the Société Française de Photographie, numerically and financially the most powerful of the professional bodies in the field. Statues dedicated to the fathers of photography in France were the first manifestation of this stratagem, which was maintained throughout the period in the form of anniversaries – the half-century celebration of 1889, the centenaries of 1925 and 1939 – complete with banquets, official speeches and retrospective exhibitions. By the eve of the Second World War, however, the balance sheet was unimpressive: officialdom was at last paying some attention, but the direct, material benefits were negligible

1945 : faire l’histoire par l’image ?

Histoire de la photographie de Raymond Lécuyer, Petit musée de la curiosité photographique de Louis Chéronnet, Georges Méliès, mage de Maurice Bessy et Giuseppe Maria Lo Duca et, enfin, Images du cinéma français de Nicole Vedrès sont quatre ouvrages parus en France la même année, en 1945. Ils ont pour point commun d’avoir trait à l’histoire de la photographie et du cinéma et d’être richement illustrés. S’intéressant à cette concomitance et y voyant l’indice d’un tournant des images, cet article étudie ce qui, dans l’entre-deux-guerres, a rendu possible une telle floraison éditoriale dans l’immédiat après-guerre, en creusant la piste de l’émergence de collections – particulières ou institutionnelles – et de la patrimonialisation des deux médiums. Plus avant, il tente de circonscrire les fonctions remplies par les « illustrations » qui figurent dans ces ouvrages afin de comprendre si les récits liés à l’histoire de la photographie ou du cinéma en ont été modifiés.Histoire de la photographie by Raymond Lécuyer, Petit musée de la curiosité photographique by Louis Chéronnet, Georges Méliès, mage by Maurice Bessy and Giuseppe Maria Lo Duca and, finally, Images du cinéma français by Nicole Vedrès are four books published in France in the same year, 1945. What they have in common is that they deal with the history of photography or with the history of cinema. They also are richly illustrated. Taking an interest in this concomitance and seeing it as an indication of a turning point for images, this article examines what, in the inter-war period, made this editorial flowering possible in the immediate post-war period, by exploring the emergence of collections—both private and institutional—and the patrimonialization of the two mediums. It goes on to define the functions fulfilled by the “illustrations” that appear in these works, in order to understand whether the narratives linked to the history of photography or cinema have been altered as a result

Introduction. Hors les murs : photographes et studios mobiles

Si les ateliers et studios sédentaires ont fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches historiques, la mobilité des photographes professionnels – et les moyens de celle-ci – hors les murs n’a guère été explorée. Certes, l’historiographie recèle également des travaux consacrés aux pratiques de plein air des photographes amateurs, des excursionnistes, ou encore des photoreporters. Mais en réalité, même ces catégories ont été peu étudiées au regard de l’histoire des mobilités photographiques qui se d..

Targeting intratumoral B cells with rituximab in addition to CHOP in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. A clinicobiological study of the GELA.

Background In angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, symptoms linked to B-lymphocyte activation are common, and variable numbers of CD20(+) large B-blasts, often infected by Epstein-Barr virus, are found in tumor tissues. We postulated that the disruption of putative B-T interactions and/or depletion of the Epstein-Barr virus reservoir by an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) could improve the clinical outcome produced by conventional chemotherapy. DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-five newly diagnosed patients were treated, in a phase II study, with eight cycles of rituximab + chemotherapy (R-CHOP21). Tumor infiltration, B-blasts and Epstein-Barr virus status in tumor tissue and peripheral blood were fully characterized at diagnosis and were correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS: A complete response rate of 44% (95% CI, 24% to 65%) was observed. With a median follow-up of 24 months, the 2-year progression-free survival rate was 42% (95% CI, 22% to 61%) and overall survival rate was 62% (95% CI, 40% to 78%). The presence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (14/21 patients) correlated with Epstein-Barr virus score in lymph nodes (P<0.004) and the detection of circulating tumor cells (P=0.0019). Despite peripheral Epstein-Barr virus clearance after treatment, the viral load at diagnosis (>100 copy/μg DNA) was associated with shorter progression-free survival (P=0.06). Conclusions We report here the results of the first clinical trial targeting both the neoplastic T cells and the microenvironment-associated CD20(+) B lymphocytes in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, showing no clear benefit of adding rituximab to conventional chemotherapy. A strong relationship, not previously described, between circulating Epstein-Barr virus and circulating tumor cells is highlighted

Discontinuation of neoadjuvant therapy does not influence postoperative short-term outcomes in elderly patients (≥ 70 years) with resectable gastric cancer: a population-based study from the dutch upper gastrointestinal cancer audit (DUCA) data

Background: For the elderly patients with gastric cancer, it may be more challenging to tolerate complete neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). The impact of discontinued NAT on the surgical safety and pathological outcomes of elderly patients with poor tolerance remains poorly understood. Methods: Gastric cancer patients received gastrectomy with curative intent from the Dutch upper GI cancer audit (DUCA) database were included in this study. The independent association of age with not initiating and discontinuation of NAT was assessed with restricted cubic splines (RCS). According to the RCS results, age ≥ 70 years was defined as elderly. Short-term postoperative outcomes and pathological results were compared between elderly patients who completed and discontinued NAT. Results: Between 2011- 2021, total of 3049 patients were included. The risk of not initiating NAT increased from 70 years. In 1954 (64%) patients receiving NAT, the risk of discontinuation increased from 55 years, reaching the peak around 74 years. In the elderly, discontinued NAT was not independently associated with worse 30-day mortality, overall complications, anastomotic leakage, re-intervention, and pathologic complete response, but was associated with a higher risk of R1/2 resection (p-value = 0.001), higher ypT stage (p-value = 0.004), ypN + (p-value = 0.008), and non-response ( p-value = 0.012). Conclusion: A decreased utilization of NAT has been observed in Dutch gastric cancer patients from 70 years due to old age considerations, possibly because of their high risk of discontinuation. Increasing the utilization of NAT may not adversely impact the surgical safety of gastric cancer population ≥ 70 years and may contribute to better pathological results

Incidence of Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection among HIV-uninfected individuals at high risk for sexually transmitted infections

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The occurrence of, and risk factors for, HHV-8 infection have yet to be definitively determined, particularly among heterosexual individuals with at-risk behavior for sexually transmitted infections (STI). The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence and determinants of HHV-8 infection among HIV-uninfected individuals repeatedly attending an urban STI clinic.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sera from consecutive HIV-uninfected individuals repeatedly tested for HIV-1 antibodies were additionally tested for HHV-8 antibodies using an immunofluorescence assay. To identify determinants of HHV-8 infection, a nested case-control study and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sera from 456 HIV-uninfected individuals (224 multiple-partner heterosexuals and 232 men who have sex with men (MSM]) were identified for inclusion in the study. The HHV-8 seroprevalence at enrollment was 9.4% (21/224; 95% C.I.: 6.0–14.2%) among heterosexuals with multiple partners and 22.0% (51/232; 95% C.I.: 16.9–28.0%) among MSM. Among the 203 multiple-partner heterosexuals and 181 MSM who were initially HHV-8-negative, 17 (IR = 3.0/100 p-y, 95% C.I.: 1.9 – 4.8) and 21 (IR = 3.3/100 p-y, 95% C.I:.2.1 – 5.1) seroconversions occurred, respectively. HHV-8 seroconversion tended to be associated with a high number of sexual partners during the follow-up among MSM (> 10 partners: AOR = 3.32 95% CI:0.89–12.46) and among the multiple-partner heterosexuals (> 10 partner; AOR = 3.46, 95% CI:0.42–28.2). Moreover, among MSM, HHV-8 seroconversion tended to be associated with STI (AOR = 1.80 95%CI: 0.52–7.96).</p> <p>During the study period the HIV-1 incidence was lower than that of HHV-8 among both groups (0.89/100 p-y among MSM and 0.95/100 p-y among multiple-partner heterosexuals).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The large difference between the incidence of HHV-8 and the incidence of HIV-1 and other STIs may suggest that the circulation of HHV-8 is sustained by practices other than classical at-risk sexual behavior.</p