A structure theorem and left-orderability of a quotient of quasi-isometry group of the real line

It is well-known that $QI(\mathbb{R})\cong(QI(\mathbb{R}_{+})\times QI(\mathbb{R}_{-}))\rtimes$, where $QI(\mathbb{R})$(resp. $QI(\mathbb{R}_{+})(\cong QI(\mathbb{R_-}))$) is the group of quasi-isometries of the real line (resp. $[0,\infty)$). We introduce an invariant for the elements of $QI(\mathbb{R_{+}})$ and split it into smaller units. We give an almost characterization of the elements of these units. We also show that a quotient of $QI(\mathbb{R_{+}})$ gives an example of a left-orderable group which is not locally indicable.Comment: 20 page

A novel distribution-free hybrid regression model for manufacturing process efficiency improvement

This work is motivated by a particular problem of a modern paper manufacturing industry, in which maximum efficiency of the fiber-filler recovery process is desired. A lot of unwanted materials along with valuable fibers and fillers come out as a by-product of the paper manufacturing process and mostly goes as waste. The job of an efficient Krofta supracell is to separate the unwanted materials from the valuable ones so that fibers and fillers can be collected from the waste materials and reused in the manufacturing process. The efficiency of Krofta depends on several crucial process parameters and monitoring them is a difficult proposition. To solve this problem, we propose a novel hybridization of regression trees (RT) and artificial neural networks (ANN), hybrid RT-ANN model, to solve the problem of low recovery percentage of the supracell. This model is used to achieve the goal of improving supracell efficiency, viz., gain in percentage recovery. In addition, theoretical results for the universal consistency of the proposed model are given with the optimal value of a vital model parameter. Experimental findings show that the proposed hybrid RT-ANN model achieves higher accuracy in predicting Krofta recovery percentage than other conventional regression models for solving the Krofta efficiency problem. This work will help the paper manufacturing company to become environmentally friendly with minimal ecological damage and improved waste recovery

A study of feto-maternal outcome of jaundice in pregnancy

Background: Jaundice in pregnancy complicates 3-5% of cases and carries a grave prognosis. The purpose of the study was to assess the epidemiology, magnitude, causes and the maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancies complicated by jaundice.Methods: The maternal and fetal outcomes of 101 cases of jaundice in pregnancy were reviewed retrospectively from July 2013-June 2016.Results: The incidence of jaundice in pregnancy was 2.32%. Primigravidas constituted 46.53%. Women aged 20-30 years constituted 86.13%. Unbooked cases included 60.39%. Serum bilirubin was >10 mg/dl at admission in 1.98%. Out of the 101 women, 4 remained undelivered. Labor was spontaneous in 53.52%, vaginal delivery in 55.67%. However, 38.63% newborns required NICU care.  Perinatal mortality was 8.91% (3.96% stillbirths and 4.95% early neonatal deaths. The causes for jaundice were viral hepatitis (30.69%), HELLP syndrome (30.69%), intrahepatic cholestasis (15.84%), acute fatty liver of pregnancy (13.86%) and the rest in combination constituted 8.91%. Maternal mortality was 3 in 101. The various maternal complications were DIC (44.55%), septicemia (10.89%), ARDS (7.92%), acute renal failure (8.91%) and MODS (3.96%). ICU was needed in 14.85% of mothers and blood component therapy in 70.29% cases. All deaths were within 3 weeks of admission.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for essential antenatal care at domiciliary and peripheral levels. Early detection and treatment can prevent most of the complications

In silico study of RxLR effectors of Phytophthora infestans HP-10-31, A2 mating type potato late blight pathogen

Phytophthora infestans is one of the most compelling plant pathogen among the scientific community throughout the world. It is the causative agent of potato late blight and responsible for tremendous economic loss worldwide. Pathogenic effector proteins are instrumental in modulating host immunity and disease resistance has been a major concern. In P. infestans, a class of cytoplasmic effectors recognized as RxLR is characterized by highly conserved region and abet in parasitic colonization by modifying the host defense system. We have sequenced an Indian strain of P. infestans HP-10-31 genome and identified several RxLR motif-containing genes.In this study we selected two RxLR effector genes named contig15921_2 and contig06738_6 from this A2 mating type strain. We used I-TASSER server to generate three-dimensional structure and observe the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and S-adenosyl-Lhomocysteine conserve domains. Our in silico study reveals the binding properties of these proteins are favorable with corresponding ligands. This study gives insight into the interaction between putative RxLR effector proteins with its ligand that further aid our understanding of host-pathogen interaction and help in designing new agents to combat the agro pathogenicity

An observational study comparing and non-surgical treatment with surgical treatment for chronic anal fissures

Background: Chronic anal fissure is a common benign anorectal condition that causes significant morbidity. Symptoms consist primarily of pain and bleeding during defecation. Fissures are predominantly located in the posterior midline, but 25% of women and 8% of men have anterior fissures. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the outcome of various nonsurgical therapy for chronic anal fissure and comparison with the outcome of surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was a non-randomized and observational study. All patients referred to the department of general surgery between December 2012 and November 2014 for a chronic anal fissure were included in the study, above the age of 12 years, and diagnosed to have anal fissure (Both Acute and Chronic) were included in the study. Results: Seventy-nine patients (91.9%) were having symptoms of pain; this pain was persistent for hours after defecation in 67 (78%) patients. Seventy-one (82.6%) patients complained of at least one episode of bleeding per Anum, other symptoms were perianal lump (10.5%), perianal itching (23.3%), and perianal discharge (30.2%). The examination findings of these patients revealed that 81 patients (94%) had developed sentinelpiles subsequently and anal fissure with visible fibers of underlying muscle were seen in 9 (10.5%) patients. Conclusion: Chronic anal fissures can be simply and effectively treated medically without the risk of incontinence associated with sphincterotomy. Topical nifedipine and botulinum toxin injections are an excellent combination, associated with a low recurrence rate and minimal side effects

Comparison of efficacy between intravenous clonidine and dexmedetomidine as pre-medication in attenuating hemodynamic stress responses during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgery and stable intraoperative hemodynamic status is desirable during pneumoperitonium. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine (alpha-2 adrenergic agonist) were used in this study to attenuate the stress response of pneumoperitoneum because alpha-2 adrenergic agonists help in the attenuation of neuroendocrine and hemodynamic responses to surgery and anesthesia, due to its sympatholytic action. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to conduct a comparative evaluation of clonidine and dexmedetomidine as pre-anesthetic medication for the attenuation of hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgeries. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients of either sex, aged 20–50 years, complying to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were divided into two equal groups to receive either clonidine 1 mg/kg (Group-C, n=40) or dexmedetomidine 1 mg/kg (Group-D, n=40), both injected through intravenous route as 15 mL volume with normal saline. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and SpO2 were measured before and after giving the study drugs, before and immediately after pneumoperitoneum, and then, at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min of pneumoperitoneum. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in heart rate in the dexmedetomidine group constantly since giving study drug, immediately after the creation of pneumoperitoneum, and then, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min after pneumoperitoneum. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures were found to be significantly lower in Group D (except after administering study drug), immediately after creating pneumoperitoneum, and 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min after pneumoperitoneum. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as pre-medication is more efficacious in attenuating hemodynamic stress responses in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgeries compared to clonidine as pre-medication