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Not AvailableGLOBAL food security will remain a worldwide concern for the next 50 years and beyond. There has been no significant jump in crop yield in many areas stressing the need for higher investments in research and infrastructure, as well as addressing the issue of water scarcity. Climate change is a crucial factor affecting food security in many regions including India. The most important thing one has to keep in mind is that some of the technologies relating to crop production which were found to be innovative and quite relevant in the yesteryears might need refinement in the present context as far as food security is concerned. For example, higher use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides was recommended earlier to attain the higher food grain production. However, after realizing the potential ecological hazards caused by them, we slowly started advocating controlled use of fertilizers and pesticides. The concepts of integrated nutrient management and integrated pest management have attained significance in the context of sustaining soil fertility and environmental protection. However, the realization of crop yields may take longer under these sustainable agricultural technologies. Hence, to ensure food security, the following challenges have to be addressed as discussed here.Not Availabl