Sperm Motility Regulatory Proteins: A Tool to Enhance Sperm Quality

Sperm forward motility is an essential parameter in mammalian fertilization. Studies from our laboratory have identified and characterized a few unique sperm motility regulatory proteins/glycoproteins from the male reproductive fluids and mammalian blood serum. The purified sperm motility-initiating protein (MIP) from caprine epididymal plasma as well as the forward motility-stimulating factor (FMSF) and motility-stimulating protein (MSP) from buffalo and goat serum, respectively, have high efficacy to initiate or increase motility in nonmotile or less motile sperm. Antibody of sperm motility inhibitory factor (MIF-II) has the high potential to enhance sperm vertical velocity and forward motility by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level. The appearance and disappearance of D-galactose–specific lectin and its receptor along the epididymis has been reported to be involved in motility regulation in spermatozoa. A novel synthetic cryopreservation method and role of lipid to protect membrane damage during cryopreservation have been demonstrated. Motility-promoting proteins may be extremely useful for improving cattle breeding and breeding of endangered species, thereby helping in enhanced production of animal products as well as in the conservation of animals. Isolated proteins and developed cryopreservation technology may also be beneficial in human infertility clinics to increase the chance of fertilization

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Mometasone Furoate, and Tazarotene in Topical Pharmaceutical Dosage Formulation

A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenoxyethanol (PE), methylparaben (MP), propylparaben (PP), mometasone furoate (MF), and tazarotene (TA) in topical pharmaceutical dosage formulation. The desired chromatographic separation was achieved on the Waters X-BridgeTM C18 (50×4.6mm, 3.5μ) column using gradient elution at 256 nm detection wavelength. The optimized mobile phase consisted of 0.1%v/v orthophosphoric acid in water as solvent-A and acetonitrile as solvent-B. The method showed linearity over the range of 5.88–61.76 μg/mL, 0.18–62.36 μg/mL, 0.17–6.26 μg/mL, 0.47–31.22 μg/mL, and 0.44–30.45 μg/mL for PE, MP, PP, MF, and TA, respectively. The recovery for all of the components was in the range of 98-102%. The stability-indicating capability of the developed method was established by analysing the forced degradation samples, in which the spectral purity of PE, MP, PP, MF, and TA along with the separation of degradation products from the analyte peaks was achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of PE, MP, PP, MF, and TA in a cream sample

Quality by Design-Based Development of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, and Octinoxate in Topical Pharmaceutical Formulation

A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of methylparaben (MP), propylparaben (PP), diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DAHHB), and octinoxate (OCT) in topical pharmaceutical formulation. The desired chromatographic separation was achieved on the KinetexTM C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using gradient elution at 257 nm detection wavelength. The optimized mobile phase consisted of a buffer : acetonitrile : tetrahydrofuran (60 : 30 : 10, v/v/v) as solvent A and acetonitrile : tetrahydrofuran (70 : 30, v/v) as solvent B. The method showed linearity over the range of 0.19–148.4 μg/mL, 0.23–15.3 μg/mL, 1.97–600.5 μg/mL, and 1.85–451.5 μg/mL for MP, PP, DAHHB, and OCT, respectively. Recovery for all the components was found to be in the range of 98–102%. The stability-indicating capability of the developed method was established by analysing the forced degradation samples in which the spectral purity of MP, PP, DAHHB, and OCT, along with the separation of the degradation products from the analyte peaks, was achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of MP, PP, DAHHB, and OCT in the lotion sample. The design expert with ANOVA software with the linear model was applied and a 24 full factorial design was employed to estimate the model coefficients and also to check the robustness of the method. Results of the two-level full factorial design, 24 with 20 runs including four centrepoint analysis based on the variance analysis (ANOVA), demonstrated that all four factors, as well as the interactions of resolution between DAHHB and OCT are statistically significant

Tandem detection of sub-nano molar level CN and Hg2+ in aqueous medium by suitable molecular sensor: a viable solution for detection of CN and development of RGB based sensory device

An inimitable urea-based multichannel chemosensor, DTPH [1,5-bis-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbonohydrazide], was examined to be highly proficient to recognize CN– based on the H-bonding interaction between sensor −NH moiety and CN– in aqueous medium with explicit selectivity. In the absorption spectral titration of DTPH, a new peak at higher wavelength was emerged in titrimetric analytical studies of CN– with the zero-order reaction kinetics affirming the substantial sensor–analyte interaction. The isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiment further affirmed that the sensing process was highly spontaneous with the Gibbs free energy of −26 × 104 cal/mol. The binding approach between DTPH and CN– was also validated by more than a few experimental studies by means of several spectroscopic tools along with the theoretical calculations. A very low detection limit of the chemosensor toward CN– (0.15 ppm) further instigated to design an RGB-based sensory device based on the colorimetric upshots of the chemosensor in order to develop a distinct perception regarding the presence of innocuous or precarious level of the CN– in a contaminated solution. Moreover, the reversibility of the sensor in the presence of CN– and Hg2+ originated a logic gate mimic ensemble. Additionally, the real-field along with the in vitro CN– detection efficiency of the photostable DTPH was also accomplished by using various biological specimens

Human intestinal epithelial cell cytokine mRNA responses mediated by NF-�B are modulated by the motility and adhesion process of Vibrio cholerae

Vibro cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, colonizes the small intestine, produces an enterotoxin and causes acute inflammatory response at intestinal epithelial surface; the signals for such induction are still unknown.We determined the mRNA expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in Int407 cells following infection with V. cholerae or its mutants by semiquantitaive and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. V. cholerae induces the coordinated expression and up-regulation of IL-1�, IL-6, GM-CSF and MCP-1 and down-regulation of TGF-� in Int407 cells. While the pathogenecity of V. cholerae was found to be a possible determinant in modulation of IL-1� and TGF-�, both IL-6 and MCP-1 OmpU might modulate induction. Significant reduction in IL-1�, GM-CSF and MCP-1 mRNA expression was observed upon infection with the less motile and less adherent strain O395YN. This association is supported by the absence of nuclear translocation of NF-�B (p50 subunit) upon infection with O395YN in contrast to wild-type. Moreover, TPCK treatment prior to V. cholerae infection indicated that proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in Int407 cells is NF-�B mediated. Thus, V. cholerae induces proinflammatory cytokine response in Int407 cells, which is mediated by NF-�B and is modulated, in part, by adherence or motility of this organism