Contribution de la Child Behavior Checklist (CBL) et de la Youth Self-Report (YSR) à l'étude des troubles émotionnels et comportementaux des enfants et des adolescents tunisiens

Objectifs: 1) Etudier le niveau des troubles émotionnels et comportementaux des enfants et des adolescents tunisiens au moyen de la Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) et de la Youth Self-Report (YSR), 2) vérifier s il existe des différences en ce qui concerne le sexe, l âge et le statut socio-économique (SES), 3) comparer les résultats de cette étude à ceux des études multiculturelles et/ou internationales ayant utilisé les mêmes instruments et 4) étudier le niveau de concordance entre les parents et leurs enfants. Méthode: Sujets: 1.342 enfants et adolescents âgés de 6 à 18 ans ont été décrits par leurs parents au moyen de la Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), une échelle hétéro-évaluative des troubles émotionnels et comportementaux des enfants et des adolescents, élaborée par Thomas Achenbach (1991). Par ailleurs, 674 d entre eux, âgés de 12 à 18 ans, ont rempli la Youth Self-Report (YSR) qui est la forme parallèle mais auto-évaluative de la CBCL. Résultats: à la CBCL comme à la YSR, le niveau de perturbation varie légèrement en fonction de l âge, du sexe et du statut socio-économique (SES). Comme dans toutes les études antérieures les filles présentent plus de troubles d Internalisation pendant que les garçons présentent plus de troubles d Externalisation. Les scores obtenus à la CBCL et à la YSR sont très supérieurs à la moyenne des études internationales, cependant ils se rapprochent des scores mentionnés dans les études effectuées en Algérie, en Grèce et dans l île américaine de Porto-Rico. Le niveau de concordance entre les parents et leurs enfants sont globalement plus élevés que ceux qu on a relevé dans les études déjà existantes.The aims of this study were (a) to evaluate the level of emotional and behavioral problems of Tunisian children and adolescents using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self-Report (YSR), (2) to ascertain if there were differences related to sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES), (3) to compare this study s findings to those of multicultural/international studies having used the same instruments, and (4) to evaluate the level of parent/youth agreement. Method: Participants: 1,342 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were rated by their parents using the CBCL, an inventory of children and adolescents behavioral and emotional problems that was developed by Thomas Achenbach (1991). Out of these youths, 674 aged 12-18 years, independently filled out the YSR, which is a self-report parallel form of the CBCL. Results: On both CBCL and YSR, the level of problem scores showed small differences related to sex, age, and SES. Similar to previous studies, girls presented more Internalizing problems whereas boys presented more Externalizing problems. Scores on both instruments are much higher than the mean of the mean scores of other countries; however they are similar to scores reported in Algeria, Greece, and Puerto Rico. The level of parent/youth agreement was overall higher than reported in previous studies.NANTERRE-BU PARIS10 (920502102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les archives au service de l’information du citoyen : l’expérience tunisienne

Suite aux mouvements de contestation survenus en 2011, la Tunisie a connu la fin du régime dictatorial de Ben Ali et l’avènement d’une République fondée sur une constitution résolument tournée vers la transparence du régime. Les réformes engagées ont conduit l’administration et les collectivités à repenser la diffusion de l’information et l’accès des citoyens aux documents administratifs. Suite au constat des difficultés des collectivités, notamment les plus récentes, à se mettre en conformité avec la nouvelle réglementation, le Centre de formation et d’appui à la décentralisation (CFAD), accompagné de la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), qui est un organisme de coopération internationale allemand, a décidé de créer un module de formation destiné spécifiquement aux agents des collectivités en charge des archives et de leur communication. Retour sur la création de ce module de formation et de son déploiement par le CFAD.Chahed Lamia, Favreau Myriam, Trii Hasna. Les archives au service de l’information du citoyen : l’expérience tunisienne. In: La Gazette des archives, n°255, 2019-3. Archives et transparence, une ambition citoyenne. Forum des archivistes 3-5 avril 2019. pp. 67-75

Etude CONFAMI : Effets du confinement durant l’épidémie de la COVID19 sur la vie des enfants et leur famille

International audienc

The Prevalence, Genotype Distribution and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus in Tunisia: A National-Based Study

There are limited national population-based studies on HPV genotypes distribution in Tunisia, thus making difficult an assessment of the burden of vaccine-preventable cervical cancer. In this context, we conducted a national survey to determine the HPV prevalence and genotypes distribution and the risk factors for HPV infections in Tunisian women. This is a cross-sectional study performed between December 2012 and December 2014. A liquid-based Pap smear sample was obtained from all women and samples’ DNAs were extracted. Only women with betaglobin-positive PCR were further analysed for HPV detection and typing by a nested-PCR of the L1 region followed by next-generation sequencing. A multiple logistic regression model was used for the analysis of associations between the variables. A total of 1517 women were enrolled in this study, and 1229 out of the 1517 cervical samples were positive for the betaglobin control PCR and tested for HPV. Overall HPV infection prevalence was measured to be 7.8% (96/1229), with significant differences between the grand regions, ranging from 2% in the North to 13.1% in Grand Tunis. High-risk HPV genotypes accounted for 5% of the infections. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV 31 (1%), 16 (0.9%), 59 (0.7%). HPV18 was detected only in four cases of the study population. Potential risk factors were living in Grand Tunis region (OR: 7.94 [2.74–22.99]), married status (OR: 2.74 [1.23–6.13]), smoking habit (OR: 2.73 [1.35–5.51]), occupation (OR: 1.81 [1.09–3.01]) and women with multiple sexual partners (OR: 1.91 [1.07–3.39]). These findings underscore the need to evaluate the cost effectiveness of HPV vaccine implementation, contribute to the evidence on the burden of HPV infections, the critical role of sexual behaviour and socioeconomic status, and call for increased support to the preventive program of cervical cancer in Tunisia

Humoral and Cellular Immunogenicity of Six Different Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in Adults: A Comparative Study in Tunisia (North Africa)

Background: The mass vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 was started in Tunisia on 13 March 2021 by using progressively seven different vaccines approved for emergency use. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity in subjects aged 40 years and over who received one of the following two-dose regimen vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, namely mRNA-1273 or Spikevax (Moderna), BNT162B2 or Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech), Gam-COVID-Vac or Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute), ChAdOx1-S or Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca), BIBP (Sinopharm), and Coronavac (Sinovac). Material and methods: For each type of vaccine, a sample of subjects aged 40 and over was randomly selected from the national platform for monitoring COVID-19 vaccination and contacted to participate to this study. All consenting participants were sampled for peripheral blood at 3–7 weeks after the second vaccine dose to perform anti-S and anti-N serology by the Elecsys® (Lenexa, KS, USA) anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays (Roche® Basel, Switzerland). The CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were evaluated by the QuantiFERON® SARS-CoV-2 (Qiagen® Basel, Switzerland) for a randomly selected sub-group. Results: A total of 501 people consented to the study and, of them, 133 were included for the cellular response investigations. Both humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 antigens differed significantly between all tested groups. RNA vaccines induced the highest levels of humoral and cellular anti-S responses followed by adenovirus vaccines and then by inactivated vaccines. Vaccines from the same platform induced similar levels of specific anti-S immune responses except in the case of the Sputnik V and the AstraZeneca vaccine, which exhibited contrasting effects on humoral and cellular responses. When analyses were performed in subjects with negative anti-N antibodies, results were similar to those obtained within the total cohort, except for the Moderna vaccine, which gave a better cellular immune response than the Pfizer vaccine and RNA vaccines, which induced similar cellular immune responses to those of adenovirus vaccines. Conclusion: Collectively, our data confirmed the superiority of the RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, in particular that of Moderna, for both humoral and cellular immunogenicity. Our results comparing between different vaccine platforms in a similar population are of great importance since they may help decision makers to adopt the best strategy for further national vaccination programs

P-Factor(s) for Youth Psychopathology Across Informants and Models in 24 Societies

Objective: Although the significance of the general factor of psychopathology (p) is being increasingly recognized, it remains unclear how to best operationalize and measure p. To test variations in the operationalizations of p and make practical recommendations for its assessment, we compared p-factor scores derived from four models. Methods: We compared p scores derived from principal axis (Model 1), hierarchical factor (Model 2), and bifactor (Model 3) analyses, plus a Total Problem score (sum of unit-weighted ratings of all problem items; Model 4) for parent- and self-rated youth psychopathology from 24 societies. Separately for each sample, we fitted the models to parent-ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18) and self-ratings on the Youth Self-Report (YSR) for 25,643 11-18-year-olds. Separately for each sample, we computed correlations between p-scores obtained for each pair of models, cross-informant correlations between p-scores for each model, and Q-correlations between mean item x p-score correlations for each pair of models. Results: Results were similar for all models, as indicated by correlations of .973-.994 between p-scores for Models 1-4, plus similar cross-informant correlations between CBCL/6-18 and YSR Model 1-4 p-scores. Item x p correlations had similar rank orders between Models 1-4, as indicated by Q correlations of .957-.993. Conclusions: The similar results obtained for Models 1-4 argue for using the simplest model - the unit-weighted Total Problem score - to measure p for clinical and research assessment of youth psychopathology. Practical methods for measuring p may advance the field toward transdiagnostic patterns of problems

Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies

BACKGROUND: Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents' ratings of their offspring's mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents' reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents' perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths' self-ratings of their problems and strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11-17 year olds in 38 societies. METHODS: Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects. RESULTS: Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects. CONCLUSIONS: Like parents' ratings, youths' self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggesting greater influence of social desirability. The clinical significance of individual differences in youths' self-reports should thus not be minimized by societal/cultural differences, which-while important-can be taken into account with appropriate norms, as can gender and age differences

The association between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial problems as measured with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment: A study of 27,861 parent-adolescent dyads from 25 societies

Aggression (e.g., assaulting others, bullying, oppositionality; AGG) and non-aggressive rule-breaking (e.g., lying, stealing, vandalism; RB) appear to constitute meaningfully distinct dimensions of antisocial behavior. Despite these differences, it is equally clear that AGG and RB are moderately-to-strongly intercorrelated with one another. To date, however, we have little insight into the sampling and methodologic characteristics that might moderate the association between AGG and RB. The current study sought to evaluate several such moderators (i.e., age, sex, informant, and society) in a sample of 27,861 parent-adolescent dyads from 25 societies. AGG and RB were assessed with the well-known Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Results revealed small effects of informant and adolescent sex, such that the association between AGG and RB was stronger for parents' reports than for adolescents' self-reports, and for boys than for girls. The association also varied by society. Unexpectedly, the specific operationalization of 'aggression' emerged as a particularly strong moderator, such that the association was stronger for a general measure of AGG than for a more focused measure of physical aggression per se. Such findings inform our understanding of similarities and differences between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial problems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved