Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Dogs

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of canine uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and the interaction between canine UPEC and human bladder epithelial cells. Ten E. coli isolates collected from dogs with cystitis were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance patterns, the presence of virulence factors, and biofilm formation. The ability of these isolates to induce cytotoxicity, invade human bladder epithelial cells, and stimulate an immune response was also determined. We observed a high rate of antimicrobial resistance among canine UPEC isolates. All virulence genes tested (including adhesins, iron acquisition, and protectin), except toxin genes, were detected among the canine UPEC isolates. We found that all isolates showed varying degrees of biofilm formation (mean, 0.26; range, 0.07 to 0.82), using a microtiter plate assay to evaluate biofilm formation by the isolates. Cytotoxicity to human bladder epithelial cells by the canine UPEC isolates increased in a time-dependent manner, with a 56.9% and 36.1% reduction in cell viability compared with the control at 6 and 9 h of incubation, respectively. We found that most canine UPEC isolates were able to invade human bladder epithelial cells. The interaction between these isolates and human bladder epithelial cells strongly induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8. We demonstrated that canine UPEC isolates can interact with human bladder epithelial cells, although the detailed mechanisms remain unknown. The results suggest that canine UPEC isolates, rather than dogspecific pathogens, have zoonotic potential.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000051105/2SEQ:2PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000051105ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A077262DEPT_CD:551CITE_RATE:1.381FILENAME:2013-3 jmb 23(3)422-429.pdfDEPT_NM:수의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

Acute phase response in bovine coronavirus positive post-weaned calves with diarrhea

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is associated with severe diarrhea in calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle, and respiratory diseases in cattle of all ages. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between white blood cell counts and haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in post-weaned calves with diarrhea caused by BCoV and those that recovered from diarrhea. Blood and fecal samples were collected twice from the same animals; 17 post-weaned calves with diarrhea (first) and 15 post-weaned calves that recovered from diarrhea (second). Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that all 17 fecal samples from post-weaned calves with diarrhea and one out of 15 from diarrhea-recovered calves were positive for BCoV and negative for Cryptosporidium spp., Escherichia coli K99, Salmonella spp., bovine rotavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus. No Eimeria oocysts were detected using the flotation method. In comparison with post-weaned calves with diarrhea, in diarrhea-recovered calves, the lymphocyte count was significantly higher (P = 0.018), and the monocyte count was significantly lower (P = 0.001); however, the number of monocytes was still high. Post-weaned calves with diarrhea had a significantly higher Hp concentration (P < 0.001) compared with diarrhea-recovered calves. The results indicated that increased Hp concentration and monocytosis but not SAA may be associated with diarrhea caused by BCoV. The present study suggests that the monitoring of Hp concentration and monocyte count is useful in the diagnosis of post-weaned calves with diarrhea caused by BCoV in this field.This study was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017R1A2B2005685)

Refracture after locking compression plate removal in displaced midshaft clavicle fractures after bony union: a retrospective study

Background A midshaft clavicle fracture is a common fracture that typically responds well to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). However, refracture can occur after implant removal (IR). This study aimed to analyze the rate of refracture and related factors after removal of the locking compression plate (LCP) for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 201 patients who had undergone ORIF with LCP for midshaft clavicle fractures after IR after bony union from January 2011 to May 2018 at our institute. We evaluated basic demographic characteristics and radiographic parameters. All patients were treated with an LCP for primary fracture. The patients were divided into two groups: a refracture group that experienced a second fracture within 1 year after IR and a no-fracture group. Results There were four cases (1.99%) of refracture; three were treated conservatively, while one was treated surgically. All patients achieved bony union. The average interval between refracture and IR was 64 days (range, 6–210 days). There was a significant difference in classification of fractures (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association [AO/OTA] classification) between the two groups. However, other patient demographics and radiographic measurements between refracture and IR, such as bone diameter, showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions This study showed that one in 50 patients suffered from refracture after removal of the LCP. Thus, if patients desire IR, the surgeon should explain that there is a relatively higher possibility of refracture for cases with simple or segmental fractures than for other types of fracture

Metabolic bulk volume predicts survival in a homogeneous cohort of stage II/III diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients undergoing R-CHOP treatment

PurposeAccurate risk stratification can improve lymphoma management, but current volumetric 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) indicators require time-consuming segmentation of all lesions in the body. Herein, we investigated the prognostic values of readily obtainable metabolic bulk volume (MBV) and bulky lesion glycolysis (BLG) that measure the single largest lesion.MethodsThe study subjects were a homogeneous cohort of 242 newly diagnosed stage II or III diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients who underwent first-line R-CHOP treatment. Baseline PET/CT was retrospectively analyzed for maximum transverse diameter (MTD), total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), MBV, and BLG. Volumes were drawn using 30% SUVmax as threshold. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model assessed the ability to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 5.4 years (maximum of 12.7 years), events occurred in 85 patients, including progression, relapse, and death (65 deaths occurred at a median of 17.6 months). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified an optimal TMTV of 112 cm3, MBV of 88 cm3, TLG of 950, and BLG of 750 for discerning events. Patients with high MBV were more likely to have stage III disease; worse ECOG performance; higher IPI risk score; increased LDH; and high SUVmax, MTD, TMTV, TLG, and BLG. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that high TMTV (p = 0.005 and &lt; 0.001), MBV (both p &lt; 0.001), TLG (p &lt; 0.001 and 0.008), and BLG (p = 0.018 and 0.049) were associated with significantly worse OS and PFS. On Cox multivariate analysis, older age (&gt; 60 years; HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.58–4.75; p &lt; 0.001) and high MBV (HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.05–6.54; p = 0.023) were independent predictors of worse OS. Older age (hazard ratio [HR], 2.90; 95% CI, 1.74–4.82; p &lt; 0.001) and high MBV (HR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.15-6.54; p = 0.032) were also independent predictors of worse PFS. Furthermore, among subjects ≤60 years, high MBV remained the only significant independent predictor of worse OS (HR, 4.269; 95% CI, 1.03–17.76; p = 0.046) and PFS (HR, 6.047; 95% CI, 1.73–21.11; p = 0.005). Among subjects with stage III disease, only greater age (HR, 2.540; 95% CI, 1.22–5.30; p = 0.013) and high MBV (HR, 6.476; 95% CI, 1.20–31.9; p = 0.030) were significantly associated with worse OS, while greater age was the only independent predictor of worse PFS (HR, 6.145; 95% CI, 1.10–4.17; p = 0.024).ConclusionsMBV easily obtained from the single largest lesion may provide a clinically useful FDG volumetric prognostic indicator in stage II/III DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP

Evaluation of the efficacy of ivermectin against Theileria orientalis infection in grazing cattle

Background Raising cattle on pastures is known to be beneficial for animal welfare and cost reduction. However, grazing is associated with the risk of contracting tick-borne diseases, such as theileriosis. Here, the efficacy of ivermectin against these diseases and associated clinical symptoms were evaluated. Results A total of 68 cattle from a grazing cattle farm were selected and divided into two groups: the control group (17 cattle) with no preventive treatment and the ivermectin-treated group (51 cattle) in which cattle were treated with pour-on ivermectin prior to grazing. The infection rates of Theileria orientalis and the red blood cell (RBC) profile (e.g., RBC count, hematocrit value, and hemoglobin concentration) were compared in the spring (before grazing) and summer (during grazing) between the two groups. Based on PCR amplification of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene, 12 cattle were positive for T. orientalis infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates identified in this study consisted of three MPSP types (1, 2, and 7). The T. orientalis infection rate in the control group during grazing was 3-fold higher than that in the ivermectin-treated group. Moreover, differences in RBC parameters during grazing were greater in the control group than in the ivermectin-treated group. In particular, the hematocrit value was significantly reduced in the control group. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that ivermectin had protective effects against T. orientalis infection and RBC hemolysis in grazing cattle.This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF2017R1A2B2005685). This research was partially supported by Technology Development Program (Project No. 1116043–1) for Bio-industry, Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation of results, writing of the report, decision to submit the paper for publication

Isolation and characterization of equine amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into multi-lineage cells such as adipocytes, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts. Amniotic membrane from whole placenta is a good source of stem cells in humans. This membrane can potentially be used for wound healing and corneal surface reconstruction. Moreover, it can be easily obtained after delivery and is usually discarded as classified waste. In the present study, we successfully isolated and characterized equine amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eAM-MSCs) that were cultured and maintained in low glucose Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium. The proliferation of eAM-MSCs was measured based on the cumulative population doubling level (CPDL). Immunophenotyping of eAM-MSCs by flow cytometry showed that the major population was of mesenchymal origin. To confirm differentiation potential, a multi-lineage differentiation assay was conducted. We found that under appropriate conditions, eAM-MSCs are capable of multi-lineage differentiation. Our results indicated that eAM-MSCs may be a good source of stem cells, making them potentially useful for veterinary regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy.This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST, 2010-0020265).OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000051105/4SEQ:4PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000051105ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A077262DEPT_CD:551CITE_RATE:1.161FILENAME:2013 jvs 14(2)151-159-equine stem cell.pdfDEPT_NM:수의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

Characterization and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells from equine umbilical cord blood

Tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is a significant cause of lameness in horses; however, recent studies have shown that stem cells could be useful in veterinary regenerative medicine. Therefore, we isolated and characterized equine umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (eUCB-MSCs) from equine umbilical cord blood obtained from thoroughbred mares during the foaling period. Horses that had tendinitis of the SDFT were treated with eUCB-MSCs to confirm the therapeutic effect. After eUCB-MSCs transplantation, the core lesion in the SPIT was found to decrease. These results suggest that transplantation using eUCB-MSCs could be another source of cell treatment.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000051105/7SEQ:7PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000051105ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A077262DEPT_CD:551CITE_RATE:.926FILENAME:2013jvs14(3)367-371-equine stem cell case report.pdfDEPT_NM:수의학과SCOPUS_YN:YCONFIRM:

Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Up-Front Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Extranodal Natural Killer/T Cell Lymphoma

AbstractLimited data exist on up-front autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Sixty-two patients (43 men and 19 women) with newly diagnosed ENKTL who underwent up-front ASCT after primary therapy were identified. Poor-risk characteristics included advanced stage (50%), high-intermediate to high-risk International Prognostic Index (25.8%), and group 3 to 4 of NK/T Cell Lymphoma Prognostic Index (NKPI, 67.7%). Pretransplant responses included complete remission in 61.3% and partial remission in 38.7% of patients, and final post-transplantation response included complete remission in 78.3%. Early progression occurred in 12.9%. At a median follow-up of 43.3 months (range, 3.7 to 114.6), 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 52.4% and 3-year overall survival (OS) was 60.0%. Patients with limited disease had significantly better 3-year PFS (64.5% versus 40.1%, P = .017) and OS (67.6% versus 52.3%, P = .048) than those with advanced disease. Multivariate analysis showed NKPI and pretransplant response were independent prognostic factors influencing survival, particularly NKPI in limited disease and pretransplant response in advanced disease. Radiotherapy was an independent factor for reduced progression and survival in patients with limited disease, but anthracycline-based chemotherapy was a poor prognostic factor for progression in patients with advanced disease. Up-front ASCT is an active treatment in ENKTL patients responding to primary therapy

Microbial pathogens in ticks, rodents and a shrew in northern Gyeonggi-do near the DMZ, Korea

A total of 1,618 ticks [420 individual (adults) and pooled (larvae and nymphs) samples], 369 rodents (Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Tscherskia triton, Mus musculus, and Myodes regulus), and 34 shrews (Crocidura lasiura) that were collected in northern Gyeonggi-do near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of Korea during 2004-2005, were assayed by PCR for selected zoonotic pathogens. From a total of 420 individual and pooled tick DNA samples, Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum (16), A. platys (16), Ehrlichia (E.) chaffeensis (63), Borrelia burgdorferi (16), and Rickettsia spp. (198) were detected using species-specific PCR assays. Out of 403 spleens from rodents and shrews, A. phagocytophilum (20), A. platys (34), E. chaffeensis (127), and Bartonella spp. (24) were detected with species-specific PCR assays. These results suggest that fevers of unknown causes in humans and animals in Korea should be evaluated for infections by these vector-borne microbial pathogens.Funding for portions of this work was provided by the US Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD, the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center, Ft Detrick, MD. Dr. Joon-seok Chae received funding from the LG Yeonam Foundation