Effects and interaction between FDI, human capital and economic growth: literature review: Effets et interaction entre IDE, Capital humain et Croissance économique : Revue de littérature.

Résumé             Ce papier a pour objectif de mettre en lumière l’interaction entre l’IDE, le capital humain et la croissance économique. Pour ce faire, nous avons passé en revue 50 articles qui traitent l’impact des investissements directs étrangers sur la croissance économique en présence du capital humain en tant que catalyseur de cet impact. L’analyse de cette littérature nous a montré que les IDE contribuent positivement à la croissance économique des pays d’accueil. Néanmoins, cet impact positif est conditionné, essentiellement, par l’existence d’un niveau de capital humain suffisamment qualifié, et dépend de plusieurs facteurs tels que l’écart technologique entre le pays d’origine et le pays hôte, la nature et l’origine des IDE et le niveau du développement du pays d’accueil.   Mots clés : IDE, spillovers, Capital humain, croissance économique.   Abstract  This article aims to highlight the interaction between FDI, human capital and economic growth. For this purpose, we have reviewed 50 articles that discuss the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth, in the presence of human capital as a catalyst for this impact. Analysis of this literature has shown us that FDI contributes positively to the economic growth of host countries. Nevertheless, this positive impact is conditioned by the existence of a sufficiently qualified level of human capital, and depends on several factors such as the technological gap between the country of origin and the host country, the nature and the origin of FDI and the development level of the host country. Keywords: Foreign direct investment, spillovers, human capital, economic growth

Effects of Different Solvents on the Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant, and Antifungal Activities of Micromeria graeca L. from Middle Atlas of Morocco

Micromeria graeca L. is a dense chemical source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, which have various health-related properties. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of different extractor solvents on phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant and antifungal activities of different extracts. Initially, three extractor solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) were used to prepare the Soxhlet extracts, which were then examined for their polyphenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential using three complementary assays (DPPH, FRAP, and TAC). The antifungal capacity against the two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) was performed using the method of diffusion on disc. The dosage of phytochemical compounds revealed that the highest values were established in water extract with values of 360 ± 22.1 mg GAE/g dry weight plant and 81.3 ± 21.2 mg RE/g dry weight plant for TPC and TFC, respectively. In addition, the strongest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and FRAP assays was established in water extract with IC50 values of 0.33 ± 0.23 and 0.23 ± 0.12 mg/mL, respectively, while the methanol extract showed the best antioxidant activity as measured by TAC with an IC50 of 483 ± 17.6 mg GAEq/g dry weight plant. The water extract recorded the most important antifungal activity against Candida albicans with an inhibition zone of 16 ± 1.6 mm and MFC = 500 μg/mL, whereas ethyl acetate extract showed the lowest activity against both studied fungi strains. Micromeria graeca L. contains considerable amounts of bioactive contents with high antioxidant and antifungal potentials, which may make it a promising source of antioxidants and natural antifungal agents