Modification Of Chitosan With Deep Eutectic Solvent For The Adsorption Of Malachite Green

The presence of dye in environmental wastewater is a serious concern as it poses a threat to the ecosystem. This thesis provides background information about different techniques to remove malachite green (MG) from an aqueous medium. Various treatment technologies have been studied to remove dye, adsorption and semi-permeable membrane extraction using polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). These methods are considered efficient methods for the decontamination of dyes from wastewater in this study. Chitosan (CH) is considered a promising, readily available, and inexpensive adsorption material obtained as a by-product from the seafood industry and other sources. Meanwhile, CH was functionalised and used as an adsorbent. CH was functionalised with using deep eutectic solvents (DES) to syntheses beads, magnetic nano-sized particles and was used as extractants and plasticisers at a different ratio. DES such as bis-(2-Ethylhexyl) phosphate (B2EHP), Aliquat 336, and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were used to prepared PIMs. Various techniques such as pH point of zero charge (pHpzc), solubility, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermo gravimetric/differential thermal analyses (TGA/DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET) were carried out to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of the newly prepared CH materials. The characterisation analysis has shown surface modifications, incorporated B2EHP, DOP, Aliquat 336, iron, and chloride ions onto the CH molecules

Synthesis of Gum Arabic Magnetic Nanoparticles for Adsorptive Removal of Ciprofloxacin: Equilibrium, Kinetic, Thermodynamics Studies, and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Given the increasing risks that antibiotic abuse poses to microecology and human health, it is imperative to develop incredibly powerful adsorbents. This study investigated the use of environmentally sustainable polymeric nanocomposite based on gum arabic (GA) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) synthesized via co-precipitation method to form gum arabic magnetitic nanoparticles (GA-MNPs) as an efficient adsorbent for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties and morphology of the synthesized GA-MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The experiment was designed by response surface methodology (RSM) and the Central Composite Design (CCD) was utilized to optimize the operating variables: contact time (0–120 min), pH (3–10), adsorbent dosage (0.10–0.40 g/L), and concentration of adsorbate (5–100 mg/L). Results showed that 96.30% was the maximum percentage of CIP removed. The adsorption effect of the CIP molecule on the surface of the GA-MNPs was investigated using regression analysis and analysis of variance. Furthermore, Freundlich Isotherm and Pseudo Second order kinetic equations have the highest consistency with experimental investigations suggesting double-layer adsorption. This implies that chemisorption was the mechanism involved. In addition, the calculated thermodynamic parameters were postulating an exothermic and spontaneous method in nature. Owing to its adsorption selectivity and recyclability, GA-MNPs could be classified as an environmentally friendly, less expensive, and highly efficient promising adsorbent for remediation of CIP from aqueous solution