Heat treatment of long products

Papers presented to the 11th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 20-23 July 2015.An in-line heat treatment of rolled materials is becoming frequently used by hot rolling plants. This method achieves the required material structure without the necessity of reheating. This paper describes a design procedure of cooling sections for obtaining the demanded structure and mechanical properties. Experimental stands, applied for the cooling study of steel samples, were built at the Brno University of Technology. The first experimental stand enables to simulate a variety of cooling regimes and evaluate the final structure of the tested samples which are instrumented by set of thermocouples indicating the temperature history of the tested material. The second experimental stand is a tool for the design of the cooling sections which can ensure obtaining demanded heat treatment procedure and demanded final structure. The heat transfer coefficient history at the surface is gained as an output of the inverse task. Mathematical model and its implementation into the software tool for computer simulation of heat treatment processes (quenching and tempering) of steel is presented. Heat transfer boundary conditions obtained from test on experimental stand are used for calculation of cooling curves followed by prediction of microstructure after austenite transformation and final mechanical properties as hardness, tensile strength and yield stress. The software QTSteel used for computer simulation of heat treatment of long products has been developed by ITA Ltd. Verification and practical examples of metallurgical predictions for long products, especially tubes and bars, are presented."This work is an output of research and scientific activities of this project LO1202 with financial support from the MEYS under the programme NPU I"am201

Moralischer Zwiespalt: die Euthanasie als negative Pflicht beim Menschen und als positive Pflicht beim Tier

Die Euthanasie-Debatte ist sowohl bei Menschen als auch bei Tieren komplex und problemreich. Diese Diplomarbeit behandelt die Fragestellung, warum die Euthanasie von Menschen auf moralischer Ebene die Verletzung einer negativen Pflicht darstellt, während sie bei Tieren als positive Pflicht wahrgenommen wird. Darauf basierend wird außerdem der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich dieser Unterschied ethisch so begründen lässt, dass nicht auf speziesistische Argumente zurückgegriffen werden muss oder ob durch eine unterschiedliche Behandlung von Menschen und Tieren das Gleichheitsprinzip verletzt wird. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wird die Methode der Literaturarbeit eingesetzt. Durch die Herausarbeitung der wichtigsten Argumentationslinien, welche Begründungen aus unterschiedlichen Fachbereichen umfassen, wird die Ableitung der positiven Pflicht und negativen Pflicht möglich. Dabei zeigt die Analyse der Argumentationsstrukturen, dass einige Argumente vom Vergleich ausgeschlossen werden müssen, da sie speziesistische Elemente beinhalten. Schließlich zeigt der Vergleich ausgewählter Argumente, dass die Aufrechterhaltung des Gleichheitsprinzips nicht möglich ist

Photon assisted CVD

Various aspects of photon-matter interactions are discussed in the frame of applications to chemical vapor deposition processes. Based on the examples of carbon and tungsten deposition, the influences of photon sources like lamps, pulsed- or cw-lasers on the deposition mechanisms are outlined. Peculiarities arising from the different interactions of photons with the gas phase and/or the substrate surface and their effect on the compositional or structural characteristics of the deposited material are described

Preclinical and clinical characteristics of the trichuricidal drug oxantel pamoate and clinical development plans: a review

Soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura) infect about one-fifth of the world's population. The currently available drugs are all highly efficacious against A. lumbricoides. However, they are only moderately efficacious against hookworm and poorly efficacious against T. trichiura. Oxantel, a tetrahydropyrimidine derivative discovered in the 1970s, has recently been brought back to our attention given its high efficacy against T. trichiura infections (estimated 76% cure rate and 85% egg reduction rate at a 20 mg/kg dose). This review summarizes the current knowledge on oxantel pamoate and its use against T. trichiura infections in humans. Oxantel pamoate acts locally in the human gastrointestinal tract and binds to the parasite's nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), leading to a spastic paralysis of the worm and subsequent expulsion. The drug is metabolically stable, shows low permeability and low systemic bioavailability after oral use. Oxantel pamoate was found to be safe in humans, with only a few mild adverse events reported. Several clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of this drug against T. trichiura and suggest that oxantel pamoate is more efficacious against T. trichiura than the currently recommended drugs, which makes it a strong asset to the depleted drug armamentarium and could help delay or even prevent the development of resistance to existing drugs. We highlight existing data to support the use of oxantel pamoate against T. trichiura infections