Optimal competitiveness for the Rectilinear Steiner Arborescence problem

We present optimal online algorithms for two related known problems involving Steiner Arborescence, improving both the lower and the upper bounds. One of them is the well studied continuous problem of the {\em Rectilinear Steiner Arborescence} ($RSA$). We improve the lower bound and the upper bound on the competitive ratio for $RSA$ from $O(\log N)$ and $\Omega(\sqrt{\log N})$ to $\Theta(\frac{\log N}{\log \log N})$, where $N$ is the number of Steiner points. This separates the competitive ratios of $RSA$ and the Symetric-$RSA$, two problems for which the bounds of Berman and Coulston is STOC 1997 were identical. The second problem is one of the Multimedia Content Distribution problems presented by Papadimitriou et al. in several papers and Charikar et al. SODA 1998. It can be viewed as the discrete counterparts (or a network counterpart) of $RSA$. For this second problem we present tight bounds also in terms of the network size, in addition to presenting tight bounds in terms of the number of Steiner points (the latter are similar to those we derived for $RSA$)

Interaction between concentric Tubes in DWCNTs

A detailed investigation of the Raman response of the inner tube radial breathing modes (RBMs) in double-wall carbon nanotubes is reported. It revealed that the number of observed RBMs is two to three times larger than the number of possible tubes in the studied frequency range. This unexpected increase in Raman lines is attributed to a splitting of the inner tube response. It is shown to originate from the possibility that one type of inner tube may form in different types of outer tubes and the fact that the inner tube RBM frequency depends on the diameter of the enclosing tube. Finally, a comparison of the inner tube RBMs and the RBMs of tubes in bundles gave clear evidence that the interaction in a bundle is stronger than the interaction between inner and outer tubes.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J.

Markov State Models Based on Milestoning

Markov State Models (MSMs) have become the tool of choice to analyze large amounts of molec- ular dynamics data by approximating them as a Markov jump process between suitably predefined states. Here we investigate ”Core Set MSMs”, a new type of MSMs that builds on metastable core sets acting as milestones for tracing the rare event kinetics. We present a thorough analysis of Core Set MSMs based on the existing milestoning framework, Bayesian estimation methods and Transi- tion Path Theory (TPT). As a result, Core Set MSMs can now be used to extract phenomenological rate constants between the metastable sets of the system and to approximate the evolution of certain key observables. The performance of Core Set MSMs in comparison to standard MSMs is analyzed and illustrated on a model potential and the torsion angle dynamics of Alanine dipeptide

Distributed Utilization Control for Real-time Clusters with Load Balancing

Recent years have seen rapid growth of online services that rely on large-scale server clusters to handle high volume of requests. Such clusters must adaptively control the CPU utilizations of many processors in order to maintain desired soft real-time performance and prevent system overload in face of unpredictable workloads. This paper presents DUC-LB, a novel distributed utilization control algorithm for cluster-based soft real-time applications. Compared to earlier works on utilization control, a distinguishing feature of DUC-LB is its capability to handle system dynamics caused by load balancing, which is a common and essential component of most clusters today. Simulation results and control-theoretic analysis demonstrate that DUC-LB can provide robust utilization control and effective load balancing in large-scale clusters

Theoretical prediction on the structural, electronic, and polarization properties of tetragonal Bi₂ZnTiO₆

Author name used in this publication: C. H. Woo2008-2009 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Single channel wireless EEG device for real-time fatigue level detection

© 2015 IEEE. Driver fatigue problem is one of the important factors of traffic accidents. Recent years, many research had investigated that using EEG signals can effectively detect driver's drowsiness level. However, real-time monitoring system is required to apply these fatigue level detection techniques in the practical application, especially in the real-road driving. Therefore, it required less channels, portable and wireless, real-time monitoring and processing techniques for developing the real-time monitoring system. In this study, we develop a single channel wireless EEG device which can real-time detect driver's fatigue level on the mobile device such as smart phone or tablet. The developed device is investigated to obtain a better and precise understanding of brain activities of mental fatigue under driving, which is of great benefit for devolvement of detection of driving fatigue system. This system consists of a Bluetooth-enabled one channel EEG, a regression model, and smartphone, which was a platform recording and transforming the raw EEG data to useful driving status. In the experiment, this was a sustained-attention driving task to implement in a virtual-reality (VR) driving simulator. To training model and develop the system, we were performed for 15 subjects to study Electroencephalography (EEG) brain dynamics by using a mobile and wireless EEG device. Based on the outstanding training results, the leave-one-subject-out cross validation test obtained 90% fatigue detection accuracy. These results indicate that the combination of a smartphone and wireless EEG device constitutes an effective and easy wearable solution for detecting and preventing driver fatigue in real driving environments

Patterns of regional lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis of clinical evidence

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The characteristics of cervical lymphatic metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are not completely understood. As such, radiotherapy to the entire lymphatic of the neck bilaterally has been empirically practiced even in early stage disease, although not supported by clinical evidence. We studied the pattern and probability of nodal metastasis through a meta-analysis of published evidences, with an aim to establish an evidence-based guideline for selecting and delineation of clinical target volume of neck lymphatics for conformation radiation for NPC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A literature search yielded an initial 411 original articles, and 13 studies with 2920 NPC cases staged via MRI were included in this analysis. The occurrence of nodal metastasis was calculated and analyzed according to the respective regional nodal levels.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>85% of NPC cases presented with lymphadenopathy. The most commonly involved regions include retropharyngeal (69%) and level II lymph nodes (70%). The overall probability of levels III, IV, and V nodal involvement are 45%, 11%, and 27%, respectively. Low-risk node groups included the supraclavicular, levels IA/IB and VI nodes, and parotid nodes with involvement rates at 3%, 0%, 3%, 0%, and 1%, respectively. Nodal metastases followed an orderly pattern and the probability of "skip" metastasis between levels varied between 0.5-7.9%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Lymph node metastasis in NPC follows a predictable and orderly pattern. The rarity of metastasis in certain nodal groups and "skip" metastasis suggest that reduced treatment volume is feasible in conformal radiotherapy for NPC.</p