Evaluation of the aquaculture potential of Dormitator maculatus (Bloch, 1792) from the Alvarado lagoon, Veracruz, Mexico

Objective: The naca fish, Dormitator maculatus, is a species which comercial importance is based exclusively on the extraction of the mature gonads of the females, which reach a high price in the regional market as a gourmet dish. However, there is scarce information regarding its biology. Design/methodology/approach: Their aquaculture potential (survival and growth) was evaluated in a recirculation system, in which the response in captivity of stages of their life cycle (treatments) were tested: T1=fry (8.35±2,83 g), T2= juveniles (17.22±5,13 g) and T3= adults (25.55±6,05 g), in triplicate, for 90 days. Measurings were performed every 15 days, the diet supplied was a commercial balanced feed for tilapia 3.5 mm in diameter (GrowFish® Protein 35%, fat 5.5%), at 1.5% of the biomass which was positively accepted.   Results: At the end of the experiment, it was observed that Treatment 1 (fry) presented a greater survival and growth. This result may be related to the fact that the species is very resistant to environmental changes in its natural environment. Limitations on study/implications: However, this growth was slow, which may be due to the fact that D. maculatus has a stationary diet Findings/conclusions: The results encourage more studies on its cultivation, such as the influence of environmental conditions on reproduction, which would help to mitigate the pressure on natural populations.Objective: The naca fish, Dormitator maculatus, is a species which commercial importance is based exclusively on the extraction of the mature gonads of the females, which reach a high price in the regional market as a gourmet dish. However, there is scarce information regarding its biology. Design/methodology/approach: Their aquaculture potential (survival and growth) was evaluated in a recirculation system, in which the response in captivity of stages of their life cycle (treatments) were tested: T1=fry (8.35±2,83 g), T2= juveniles (17.22±5,13 g) and T3= adults (25.55±6,05 g), in triplicate, for 90 days. Measurements were performed every 15 days, the diet supplied was a commercial balanced feed for tilapia 3.5 mm in diameter (GrowFish® Protein 35%, fat 5.5%), at 1.5% of the biomass which was positively accepted. Results: At the end of the experiment, it was observed that Treatment 1 (fry) presented a greater survival and growth. This result may be related to the fact that the species is very resistant to environmental changes in its natural environment. Limitations on study/implications: However, this growth was slow, which may be since D. maculatus has a stationary diet Findings/conclusions: The results encourage more studies on its cultivation, such as the influence of environmental conditions on reproduction, which would help to mitigate the pressure on natural populations

Design, synthesis, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological characterization of antidiabetic N-Boc-l-tyrosine-based compounds

Abstract In this study, we synthesized five N-Boc-L-tyrosine-based analogues to glitazars. The in vitro effects of compounds 1–5 on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα/γ), glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT-4) and fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) activation are reported in this paper. Compounds 1 and 3 were the most active in the in vitro PTP-1B inhibition assay, showing IC50s of approximately 44 μM. Treatment of adipocytes with compound 1 increased the mRNA expression of PPARγ and GLUT-4 by 8- and 3-fold, respectively. Moreover, both compounds (1 and 3) also increased the relative mRNA expression of PPARα (by 8-fold) and FATP-1 (by 15-fold). Molecular docking studies were performed in order to elucidate the polypharmacological binding mode of the most active compounds on these targets. Finally, a murine model of hyperglycemia was used to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of compounds 1 and 3. We found that both compounds are orally active using an exploratory dose of 100 mg/kg, decreasing the blood glucose concentration in an oral glucose tolerance test and a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus murine model. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both molecules showed strong in vitro and in vivo effects and can be considered polypharmacological antidiabetic candidates

Salud de los trabajadores

Actividad física y su relación con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular de carteros chilenosAnálisis de resultados: riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo Suceso-Istas 21 en Cesfam QuellónAusentismo laboral por enfermedades oftalmológicas, Chile 2009Brote de diarreas por norovirus, posterremoto-tsunami, Constitución, Región del MauleCalidad de vida en profesionales de la salud pública chilenaCaracterización del reposo laboral en personal del SSMN durante el primer semestre de 2010Concentración de nicotina en pelo en trabajadores no fumadores expuestos a humo de tabaco ambientalCondiciones de trabajo y bienestar/malestar docente en profesores de enseñanza media de SantiagoDisfunción auditiva inducida por exposición a xilenoErgonomía aplicada al estudio del síndrome de dolor lumbar en el trabajoEstimación de la frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de una empresa mineraExposición a plaguicidas inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa en Colombia, 2006-2009Factores de riesgo y daños de salud en conductores de una empresa peruana de transporte terrestre, 2009Las consecuencias de la cultura en salud y seguridad ocupacional en una empresa mineraPercepción de cambios en la práctica médica y estrategias de afrontamientoPercepción de la calidad de vida en la Universidad del BiobíoPesos máximos aceptables para tareas de levantamiento manual de carga en población laboral femeninaRiesgo coronario en trabajadores mineros según la función de Framingham adaptada para la población chilenaTrastornos emocionales y riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de la salu

Towards precision medicine: defining and characterizing adipose tissue dysfunction to identify early immunometabolic risk in symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study

Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes are early molecular factors influencing adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, resulting in high leptin, low adiponectin circulating levels and low-grade metaflammation, leading to insulin resistance (IR) with increased cardiovascular risk. We report the characterization of AT dysfunction through measurements of the adiponectin/leptin ratio (ALR), the adipo-insulin resistance index (Adipo-IRi), fasting/postprandial (F/P) immunometabolic phenotyping and direct F/P differential gene expression in AT biopsies obtained from symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study. AT dysfunction was evaluated through associations of the ALR with F/P insulin-glucose axis, lipid-lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammatory markers. A relevant pattern of negative associations between decreased ALR and markers of systemic low-grade metaflammation, HOMA, and postprandial cardiovascular risk hyperinsulinemic, triglyceride and GLP-1 curves was found. We also analysed their plasma non-coding microRNAs and shotgun lipidomics profiles finding trends that may reflect a pattern of adipose tissue dysfunction in the fed and fasted state. Direct gene differential expression data showed initial patterns of AT molecular signatures of key immunometabolic genes involved in AT expansion, angiogenic remodelling and immune cell migration. These data reinforce the central, early role of AT dysfunction at the molecular and systemic level in the pathogenesis of IR and immunometabolic disorders

COVAD survey 2 long-term outcomes: unmet need and protocol

Vaccine hesitancy is considered a major barrier to achieving herd immunity against COVID-19. While multiple alternative and synergistic approaches including heterologous vaccination, booster doses, and antiviral drugs have been developed, equitable vaccine uptake remains the foremost strategy to manage pandemic. Although none of the currently approved vaccines are live-attenuated, several reports of disease flares, waning protection, and acute-onset syndromes have emerged as short-term adverse events after vaccination. Hence, scientific literature falls short when discussing potential long-term effects in vulnerable cohorts. The COVAD-2 survey follows on from the baseline COVAD-1 survey with the aim to collect patient-reported data on the long-term safety and tolerability of COVID-19 vaccines in immune modulation. The e-survey has been extensively pilot-tested and validated with translations into multiple languages. Anticipated results will help improve vaccination efforts and reduce the imminent risks of COVID-19 infection, especially in understudied vulnerable groups

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Impaired health-related quality of life in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a cross-sectional analysis from the COVAD-2 e-survey

Objectives To investigate health-related quality of life in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) compared with those with non-IIM autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs), non-rheumatic autoimmune diseases (nrAIDs) and without autoimmune diseases (controls) using Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instrument data obtained from the second COVID-19 vaccination in autoimmune disease (COVAD-2) e-survey database. Methods Demographics, diagnosis, comorbidities, disease activity, treatments and PROMIS instrument data were analysed. Primary outcomes were PROMIS Global Physical Health (GPH) and Global Mental Health (GMH) scores. Factors affecting GPH and GMH scores in IIMs were identified using multivariable regression analysis. Results We analysed responses from 1582 IIM, 4700 non-IIM AIRD and 545 nrAID patients and 3675 controls gathered through 23 May 2022. The median GPH scores were the lowest in IIM and non-IIM AIRD patients {13 [interquartile range (IQR) 10–15] IIMs vs 13 [11–15] non-IIM AIRDs vs 15 [13–17] nrAIDs vs 17 [15–18] controls, P < 0.001}. The median GMH scores in IIM patients were also significantly lower compared with those without autoimmune diseases [13 (IQR 10–15) IIMs vs 15 (13–17) controls, P < 0.001]. Inclusion body myositis, comorbidities, active disease and glucocorticoid use were the determinants of lower GPH scores, whereas overlap myositis, interstitial lung disease, depression, active disease, lower PROMIS Physical Function 10a and higher PROMIS Fatigue 4a scores were associated with lower GMH scores in IIM patients. Conclusion Both physical and mental health are significantly impaired in IIM patients, particularly in those with comorbidities and increased fatigue, emphasizing the importance of patient-reported experiences and optimized multidisciplinary care to enhance well-being in people with IIMs

Microplastics on Beaches in the Nautla-Vega de Alatorre Turtle Nesting Area, Veracruz

The low cost of production and the widespread use of plastics has brought about a problem that is difficult to measure; microplastics are considered emerging pollutants because their presence can pose a risk to the environment. This study focuses on the characterization of microplastics (MPs) in the nesting area of green (Chelonia mydas) and Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtles, on the coastal municipalities of Nautla and Vega de Alatorre, Veracruz, Mexico. Five beaches along 15.5 km of coastline were analyzed and samples were taken in the intertidal zone. In this work, only microplastics in sizes from one to five mm were analyzed. A characterization of the potential sources of microplastics at the basin level was carried out and 94% of the samples analyzed presented MPs, the greatest amount was at site Playa Navarro (B32) (1.2 Item/kg dw), and in the high tide zone (4.86 ± 2.79 Item/kg dw). The predominant color of the MPs was white (42%), the most representative form were fragments (31%), while most of the MPs presented sizes of 4–5 mm (35%) followed by 1–2 mm (34%). The chemical composition of most of the MPs was polyethylene (55%). Regarding the sources of the MPs generation, livestock, agriculture, fishing, tourism, wastewater discharges, urban solid waste and, to a lesser extent, the plastic industry were identified. The mobilization factors of the MPs turned out to be the Colipa and Misantla rivers with runoff from the basin, wind, waves and marine currents

Synthesis, In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Antidiabetic Bioassays of 4-Nitro(thio)phenoxyisobutyric Acids Acting as Unexpected PPAR&gamma; Modulators: An In Combo Study

Four isobutyric acids (two nitro and two acetamido derivatives) were prepared in two steps and characterized using spectral analysis. The mRNA concentrations of PPAR&gamma; and GLUT-4 (two proteins documented as key diabetes targets) were increased by 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with compounds 1&ndash;4, but an absence of in vitro expression of PPAR&alpha; was observed. Docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed the plausible interaction between the synthesized compounds and PPAR&gamma;. In vivo studies established that compounds 1&ndash;4 have antihyperglycemic modes of action associated with insulin sensitization. Nitrocompound 2 was the most promising of the series, being orally active, and one of multiple modes of action could be selective PPAR&gamma; modulation due to its extra anchoring with Gln-286. In conclusion, we demonstrated that nitrocompound 2 showed strong in vitro and in vivo effects and can be considered as an experimental antidiabetic candidate