"Be patient till the last": The Censor's Lesson on Shakespeare

This essay comments on the impact of political censorship on the moods and attitudes of the Polish audiences of Shakespeare performances un­der the Communist regime. In particular, the essay evokes the political ambience of the theater and the role of Shakespeare performances in both manifesting and forging dissident attitudes. Additionally, it strives to elucidate the way in which Kottian criticism reflected the subversive readings of Shakespeare in the Stalinist period, along with the way this criticism, notwithstanding various ideological reservations, partook in shaping the interpretative habits of the audiences of the subsequent decades. With recourse to selected productions, the essay reconstructs the directorial strategies, the associative code, and the patterns of patient and attentive listening that made it possible for Poles to credit Shake­speare with their ideological predicaments

Recognition of Forest Carbon Rights in Indonesia: A Constitutional Approach

As a forest-rich nation, Indonesia has actively participated in carbon market governance like the REDD+ program. With the rapid expansion of REDD+ to address the effects of climate change, questions surrounding carbon rights have surfaced. This study aims to analyze the regulatory development of carbon rights in Indonesia and its impact on the community rights over forest resources by elaborating on the ideal carbon rights governance under a constitutional perspective. The study uses the normative method, which includes pertinent rules and supporting statements from climate change specialists. This study shows that carbon rights are defined broadly as the right to participate in forest carbon trading, although they require a government permit. There is no clear explanation of the relationship between land tenure and carbon ownership under the existing legislation, despite four permits to acquire carbon benefits: environmental service, social forestry, ecosystem restoration, and forest carbon administration permit. While the state can claim state control rights on certain commodities like carbon under Article 33 of the Indonesian Constitution, it also has to manage the distribution of carbon incentives based on the public interest. By facilitating the transfer of carbon rights under a carbon trading scheme while highlighting the government's role in sharing the benefits of carbon via a result-based payment scheme, Presidential Regulation 98/2021 contributes to more explicit control of carbon rights. All concerns related to carbon rights governance in Indonesia include complicated administrative and technical requirements for applying for a license, insecure land tenure due to overlapping claims, and unlawful encroachment in forest regions. Since land tenure issues remain unresolved, recognizing carbon rights as an alternative to recognizing marginal and community rights to forest resources could be viable. KEYWORDS: Environmental Regulation, Forest Carbon Rights, REDD+

„Niech się połączą niebiosa i ziemia…”: w poszukiwaniu (nowej) astronomii w Antoniuszu i Kleopatrze Williama Shakespeare’a

Shakespeare appears to be one of the most intensely studied authors exemplifying mutual influence of literature and science. Significantly enough, astronomical references deserve a particular attention due to the spectacular change of paradigm resulting from the replacement of the concept of the geocentric cosmos with the concept of the heliocentric universe. Starting from some general remarks concerning the methodological assumptions of such analyses and the specificity of Shakespeare canon, the paper offers an in-depth study of Anthony and Cleopatra  as one of the most representative plays with regard to the number, suggestiveness and interpretative potential of astronomical references. The paper exemplifies the way in which the play combines traditional astronomical and astrological allusions with some unconventional images, usually featuring imaginative hyperboles, which inscribe the fate and feelings of the characters into a cosmic framework. These references repeatedly trigger some fascinating and yet risky interpretations which strive to present Shakespeare as part of the scientific revolution of the age. Refraining from any value judgment, the paper highlights the overall importance of reading Renaissance literature, and Shakespeare in particular, against the background of the history of science in a way which allows for precise identification of contemporary sources of astronomical knowledge as well as for the reconstruction of the actual paths of dissemination of such ideas.Shakespeare appears to be one of the most intensely studied authors exemplifying mutual influence of literature and science. Significantly enough, astronomical references deserve a particular attention due to the spectacular change of paradigm resulting from the replacement of the concept of the geocentric cosmos with the concept of the heliocentric universe. Starting from some general remarks concerning the methodological assumptions of such analyses and the specificity of Shakespeare canon, the paper offers an in-depth study of Anthony and Cleopatra  as one of the most representative plays with regard to the number, suggestiveness and interpretative potential of astronomical references. The paper exemplifies the way in which the play combines traditional astronomical and astrological allusions with some unconventional images, usually featuring imaginative hyperboles, which inscribe the fate and feelings of the characters into a cosmic framework. These references repeatedly trigger some fascinating and yet risky interpretations which strive to present Shakespeare as part of the scientific revolution of the age. Refraining from any value judgment, the paper highlights the overall importance of reading Renaissance literature, and Shakespeare in particular, against the background of the history of science in a way which allows for precise identification of contemporary sources of astronomical knowledge as well as for the reconstruction of the actual paths of dissemination of such ideas

Strengthening the Partnership Between Academic and Student Affairs

Why is this partnership and collaboration so hard? The idea of bridging the gap between academic and student affairs is not a new concept. Working to bridge the gap can help strengthen partnerships and shared responsibilities that contribute to both a student’s academic success and life outside the classroom. By attending this session, individuals will take away tangible ideas to partner and focus on academic and out of the classroom partnerships. Presenters will share findings and best practices from Bucknell University

Occulta sapientiae. Czesław Miłosz Translates Psalm 51

The essay focuses on Czesław Miłosz’s translation of Psalm 51, one of the most celebrated penitential psalms. Unlike the medieval practice of illuminating books of psalms, where the images offered a vivid and concrete narrative context for the pleas and lamentations, Miłosz aims to highlight the universal and archetypal dimension of King David’s prayers. He sets out to create a new hieratic Polish style to reconcile liturgical use with the evocative qualities and unique prosodies of Hebrew poetry, without sacrifi cing a coherent theological interpretation. To reproduce the characteristic repetitions and parallelisms, Miłosz draws lexical and syntactic inspiration from the earliest Polish translations of the psalms, notably the Psałterz Puławski (Psalter of Puławy, late fi fteenth century). Ultimately, his translation forms a complex amalgam, bringing together the religious intuitions of Judaism, the hieratic tradition of the Polish language and the semantic intensity of Miłosz’s own poetry

Occulta sapientiae. O przekładzie Psalmu 51 przez Czesława Miłosza

Occulta sapientiae. On the translation of Psalm 51 by Czesław Miłosz The essay focuses on Czesław Miłosz’s translation of one of the most celebrated penitential psalms, Psalm 51. Contrary to the medieval practice of illuminating books of psalms, and thereby providing a vivid narrative and personal context for the lamentations and pleas, Miłosz aims at highlighting the universal and archetypical dimension of King David’s prayers. Consequently, he strives to create a new hieratic convention which would reconcile the suggestiveness and prosodic specificity of Hebrew poetry with its liturgical application, as well as sustain the coherence of theological interpretation. Struggling with the characteristic patterns of repetitions and parallelisms, Miłosz draws the lexical and syntactic inspiration from the earliest Polish translations of psalms, Psałterz Puławski in particular. The resulting translation is a complex amalgam of the religious intuitions of Judaism, the hieratic tradition of the Polish language, and the semantic intensity of Miłosz’s poetry

Wavelet Analysis of Noninvasive EEG Signals Discriminates Complex and Natural Grasp Types

This research aims to decode hand grasps from Electroencephalograms (EEGs) for dexterous neuroprosthetic development and Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications, especially for patients with motor disorders. Particularly, it focuses on distinguishing two complex natural power and precision grasps in addition to a neutral condition as a no-movement condition using a new EEG-based BCI platform and wavelet signal processing. Wavelet analysis involved generating time-frequency and topographic maps from wavelet power coefficients. Then, by using machine learning techniques with novel wavelet features, we achieved high average accuracies: 85.16% for multiclass, 95.37% for No-Movement vs Power, 95.40% for No-Movement vs Precision, and 88.07% for Power vs Precision, demonstrating the effectiveness of these features in EEG-based grasp differentiation. In contrast to previous studies, a critical part of our study was permutation feature importance analysis, which highlighted key features for grasp classification. It revealed that the most crucial brain activities during grasping occur in the motor cortex, within the alpha and beta frequency bands. These insights demonstrate the potential of wavelet features in real-time neuroprosthetic technology and BCI applications

Thermo-treatment affects Quercus cerris L. wood properties and the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of its by-product extracts

Nowadays, there is an increasing interest on thermo-treatment and its effects on wood structure and extraction processes, connected to the wood use for industrial application and for its use as biorefinery. The present investigation aimed to provide the main changes on wood properties (mass loss, color variation and modulus of elasticity) and a comparative analysis of the antioxidant properties and GC–MS profile of the extracts from Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) wood. Untreated and thermo-treated wood (170 °C x 3 h) samples were compared. Thermo-treatment induced a mass loss (5.1%) in wood, a darkening of color surface (ΔE = 7.6) and a decrease of MOE (4.1%). Moreover samples were extracted using different techniques: maceration (ME), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Extracts were tested to evaluate the content of polyphenols and flavonoids along with the in vitro antioxidant activity. Results showed that extracts obtained from thermo-treated wood reported the highest Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index and extraction techniques affected the value in the following rating: UAE > ME > ASE. Qualitative and quantitative measurements of chemical compounds were carried out by GC–MS system. Taking into account the thermo-treatment and extraction techniques, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed also in order to evaluate the relationships among principal chemical compounds. According to results obtained, thermo-treatment and extraction technique had a determinant role in the antioxidant efficiency and, consequently, on the potential application of extracts