Adenoidni cistični karcinom distalne traheje: prikaz slučaja

Primary malignant tumors of the trachea are very rare with the incidence of less than two per million people per year, and only ten percent of them are adenoid cystic carcinomas. Eighty percent of all tracheal tumors are malignant. Diagnosis is usually late because the symptoms mimic other conditions such as asthma. Clinical picture may sometimes be dramatic when airway is almost closed and emergency recanalization is necessary. Diagnosis is made by chest computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Definitive treatment is surgical resection alone or followed by radiation therapy or radiation therapy alone. Radical resection is only accomplished in about half of all cases because of the submucosal tumor growth and limited length of tracheal resection. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy in negative resection margin cases is not clear but all patients with positive resection margin benefit from radiation therapy. We present a case of a 43-year-old patient with primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of distal trachea treated by emergency bronchoscopic recanalization and resection of the tracheal tumor with end-to-end anastomosis.Primarni maligni tumori traheje su iznimno rijetki s incidencijom manjom od dva slučaja na milijun stanovnika u jednoj godini, a adenoidni cistični karcinom čini samo deset posto. Osamdeset posto svih tumora traheje je maligno. Dijagnoza se obično postavlja kasno, jer su početni simptomi slični astmi. Ponekad je klinička slika dramatična kada dođe do opstrukcije dišnog puta i potrebe za hitnom rekanalizacijom. Dijagnoza se potvrđuje kompjutorskom tomografijom prsišta ili magnetnom rezonancom. Definitivno liječenje je resekcija tumora sama ili uz adjuvantnu radioterapiju, ili radioterapija sama. Radikalna resekcija se postiže samo u oko polovice svih slučajeva zbog submukoznog rasta tumora i ograničene duljine resekcije traheje. Uloga adjuvantne radioterapije u slučajevima s negativnim resekcijskim rubom je nejasna, dok svi bolesnici s pozitivnim resekcijskim rubom imaju koristi od adjuvantne radioterapije. Prikazujemo slučaj 43-godišnjeg bolesnika s adenoidnim cističnim karcinomom distalnog dijela traheje koji je liječen bronhoskopskom rekanalizacijom i resekcijom traheje s terminoterminalnom anastomozom

Adenoidni cistični karcinom distalne traheje: prikaz slučaja

Primary malignant tumors of the trachea are very rare with the incidence of less than two per million people per year, and only ten percent of them are adenoid cystic carcinomas. Eighty percent of all tracheal tumors are malignant. Diagnosis is usually late because the symptoms mimic other conditions such as asthma. Clinical picture may sometimes be dramatic when airway is almost closed and emergency recanalization is necessary. Diagnosis is made by chest computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Definitive treatment is surgical resection alone or followed by radiation therapy or radiation therapy alone. Radical resection is only accomplished in about half of all cases because of the submucosal tumor growth and limited length of tracheal resection. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy in negative resection margin cases is not clear but all patients with positive resection margin benefit from radiation therapy. We present a case of a 43-year-old patient with primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of distal trachea treated by emergency bronchoscopic recanalization and resection of the tracheal tumor with end-to-end anastomosis.Primarni maligni tumori traheje su iznimno rijetki s incidencijom manjom od dva slučaja na milijun stanovnika u jednoj godini, a adenoidni cistični karcinom čini samo deset posto. Osamdeset posto svih tumora traheje je maligno. Dijagnoza se obično postavlja kasno, jer su početni simptomi slični astmi. Ponekad je klinička slika dramatična kada dođe do opstrukcije dišnog puta i potrebe za hitnom rekanalizacijom. Dijagnoza se potvrđuje kompjutorskom tomografijom prsišta ili magnetnom rezonancom. Definitivno liječenje je resekcija tumora sama ili uz adjuvantnu radioterapiju, ili radioterapija sama. Radikalna resekcija se postiže samo u oko polovice svih slučajeva zbog submukoznog rasta tumora i ograničene duljine resekcije traheje. Uloga adjuvantne radioterapije u slučajevima s negativnim resekcijskim rubom je nejasna, dok svi bolesnici s pozitivnim resekcijskim rubom imaju koristi od adjuvantne radioterapije. Prikazujemo slučaj 43-godišnjeg bolesnika s adenoidnim cističnim karcinomom distalnog dijela traheje koji je liječen bronhoskopskom rekanalizacijom i resekcijom traheje s terminoterminalnom anastomozom

Esophagogastric anastomosis in rats: improved healing by BPC 157 and L-arginine, aggravated by L-NAME

AIM: To cure typically life-threatening esophagogastric anastomosis in rats, lacking anastomosis healing and sphincter function rescue, in particular. ----- METHODS: Because we assume esophagogastric fistulas represent a particular NO-system disability, we attempt to identify the benefits of anti-ulcer stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, which was in trials for ulcerative colitis and currently for multiple sclerosis, in rats with esophagocutaneous fistulas. Previously, BPC 157 therapies have promoted the healing of intestinal anastomosis and fistulas, and esophagitis and gastric lesions, along with rescued sphincter function. Additionally, BPC 157 particularly interacts with the NO-system. In the 4 d after esophagogastric anastomosis creation, rats received medication (/kg intraperitoneally once daily: BPC 157 (10 μg, 10 ng), L-NAME (5 mg), or L-arginine (100 mg) alone and/or combined or BPC 157 (10 μg, 10 ng) in drinking water). For rats underwent esophagogastric anastomosis, daily assessment included progressive stomach damage (sum of the longest diameters, mm), esophagitis (scored 0-5), weak anastomosis (mL H2O before leak), low pressure in esophagus at anastomosis and in the pyloric sphincter (cm H2O), progressive weight loss (g) and mortality. Immediate effect assessed blood vessels disappearance (scored 0-5) at the stomach surface immediately after anastomosis creation. ----- RESULTS: BPC 157 (all regimens) fully counteracted the perilous disease course from the very beginning (i.e., with the BPC 157 bath, blood vessels remained present at the gastric surface after anastomosis creation) and eliminated mortality. Additionally, BPC 157 treatment in combination with L-NAME nullified any effect of L-NAME that otherwise intensified the regular course. Consistently, with worsening (with L-NAME administration) and amelioration (with L-arginine), either L-arginine amelioration prevails (attenuated esophageal and gastric lesions) or they counteract each other (L-NAME + L-arginine); with the addition of BPC 157 (L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157), there was a marked beneficial effect. BPC 157 treatment for esophagogastric anastomosis, along with NOS-blocker L-NAME and/or NOS substrate L-arginine, demonstrated an innate NO-system disability (as observed with L-arginine effectiveness). BPC 157 distinctively affected corresponding events: worsening (obtained with L-NAME administration that was counteracted); or amelioration (L-arginine + BPC 157-rats correspond to BPC 157-rats). ----- CONCLUSION: Innate NO-system disability for esophagogastric anastomoses, including L-NAME-worsening, suggests that these effects could be corrected by L-arginine and almost completely eliminated by BPC 157 therapy