Soil chemical and physical properties influenced by the application of swine under no-tillage

The increase in the confined swine production has generated great volume of slurries, being in general applied on the soil as fertilizers. Thus, fertilizations in excess and, or, continued with this residue will be able to cause environmental impacts undesirable, being distinguished the soil chemical, physical and biological disequilibria, pollution of waters, losses in yield and quality of farming products. The objective of the work was evaluated the effect of the application of increasing doses of slurry swine, in soil chemical and physical attributes in a no tillage system being as referential for the agricultural exploitation of this residue, without reducing the quality and the productive capacity of the soil. This experiment is located, at Campos Novos, SC, and has been carried out since November of 2001, on a Red Distroferric Latosol. The treatments were: 1) Control; 2) Mineral fertilization as the recommendation for the soil and crop requirements, according to Commission of Fertility; 3) Half of the dose with mineral fertilization and half with slurry swine; 4) 25 m3 ha-1 of liquid slurry swine; 5) 50 m3 ha-1 of liquid slurry swine; 6) 100 m3 ha-1 of liquid slurry swine; 7) 200m3 ha-1 of liquid slurry swine; 8) Native forest. The experimental design was of completely random blocks, with split-plots and four replications. The results were submitted to the F test for analysis of variance, and comparisons of the means by t test. The crop system was the succession of maize (Zea mays) and black oat (Avenastrigosa), under the no tillage system. The soil sampling for the chemical analyses was carried during January of 2006, in the layers of 0 - 5; 5 10; 10 - 20 cm depth. The chemical attributes, water pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic carbon contents were determined. The analyzed soil physical attributes were the geometric average diameter, density, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity. For these experimental conditions, substantial increase in the soil phosphorus and potassium availability was observed. There were no effects of the swine slurry doses on soil acidity, aluminum, calcium and magnesium levels. For the analyzed soil physical attributes was not verified effects of the swine slurry applicationsO aumento na produção de suínos confinados tem gerado grande volume de dejetos, sendo em geral descartados no solo como fertilizante. Sendo assim, adubações em excesso e, ou, continuadas com esse resíduo poderão ocasionar impactos ambientais indesejáveis, destacando-se os desequilíbrios químicos, físicos e biológicos no solo, poluição das águas, perdas de produtividade e de qualidade de produtos agropecuários. O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o efeito da aplicação de doses crescentes de dejeto suíno, em atributos químicos e físicos do solo em sistema de semeadura direta, servindo como referencial para o aproveitamento agrícola deste resíduo, sem comprometer a qualidade e a capacidade produtiva do solo. Este experimento está localizado, no município de Campos Novos, SC, e vem sendo conduzido desde novembro de 2001, sobre um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. Os tratamentos são: 1) Testemunha; 2) Adubação mineral conforme a recomendação para o local e cultivos, segundo a Comissão de Fertilidade do Solo; 3) Metade da dose com adubação mineral e metade com dejeto suíno; 4) 25 m3 ha-1 de dejeto suíno; 5) 50 m3 ha-1 de dejeto suíno; 6) 100 m3 ha-1 de dejeto suíno; 7) 200 m3 ha-1 de dejeto suíno; 8) Mata nativa. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos completamente casualizados, com sub-parcelas e quatro repetições. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de F para análise de variância, e comparações das médias pelo teste t. O sistema de cultivo adotado é a sucessão de milho (Zea mays) e aveia preta (Avena strigosa), sob o sistema de semeadura direta. A amostragem do solo para as análises químicas foi realizada em janeiro de 2006, nas camadas de 0 5 ; 5 10; 10 20 cm de profundidade. Foram determinados os atributos químicos, pH água, teores de fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, carbono orgânico. Já os atributos físicos analisados foram o diâmetro médio geométrico, densidade do solo, macroporos, microporos e porosidade total do solo. Para as condições de condução do experimento, observa-se aumento substancial na disponibilidade de fósforo e de potássio no solo. Não foi constatado efeito das doses de dejeto de suíno sobre acidez do solo, alumínio, cálcio e magnésio no solo. Para os atributos físicos do solo analisados não se verificou efeito das doses de dejeto suínoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data