Impactos en las propiedades del suelo de los bosques de pinabete en terrenos agrícolas abandonados

Forest floor is considered a major feature distinguishing forest from agricultural soils. Forest floor develops as forest stands grow and is composed of more or less altered plant-tissue biomass accumulated on the soil surface. Our study’s aim was to find whether properties of both the organic layers and mineral soil differ according to the land-use history of the sites compared. Each site included an afforested area of immature 50-year-old spruce forest (AFF) on formerly agricultural land plus an adjacent area of old-growth 100-year-old spruce stand (FOR). The localities are situated at altitudes ranging between 600 and 850 metres above sea level. From the results of our study it can be concluded that both forest floor and mineral soil had higher pH and Ca concentration at formerly agricultural sites. C/N ratio is significantly lower in afforested soil. First-generation humus was significantly higher in phosphorus.El piso forestal es considerado una de las principales características distintivas de los suelos forestales frente a los agrícolas. El piso forestal se desarrolla según crecen las masas forestales y se compone de tejidos de vegetales de la biomasa más o menos alterados acumulados en la superficie del suelo. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar si las propiedades de las capas orgánicas y minerales del suelo difieren de acuerdo a la historia del uso del suelo de los sitios. Cada sitio incluye un área reforestada de bosque de pinabete inmaduro de 50 años de edad (AFF) en antiguo terreno agrícola, más un área adyacente madura de pinabete de 100 años de edad. Las localidades se encuentran en altitudes que oscilan entre 600 y 850 metros sobre el nivel del mar. De los resultados de nuestro estudio se puede concluir que tanto el suelo del bosque como el suelo mineral tenían un pH más alto y mayor concentración de Ca en los sitios agrícolas abandonados. La relación C/N es significativamente menor en los suelos reforestados. La primera generación de humus presentó un significativamente mayor contenido en fósforo

Disk Detective: Discovery of New Circumstellar Disk Candidates through Citizen Science

The Disk Detective citizen science project aims to find new stars with 22 micron excess emission from circumstellar dust using data from NASA's WISE mission. Initial cuts on the AllWISE catalog provide an input catalog of 277,686 sources. Volunteers then view images of each source online in 10 different bands to identify false-positives (galaxies, background stars, interstellar matter, image artifacts, etc.). Sources that survive this online vetting are followed up with spectroscopy on the FLWO Tillinghast telescope. This approach should allow us to unleash the full potential of WISE for finding new debris disks and protoplanetary disks. We announce a first list of 37 new disk candidates discovered by the project, and we describe our vetting and follow-up process. One of these systems appears to contain the first debris disk discovered around a star with a white dwarf companion: HD 74389. We also report four newly discovered classical Be stars (HD 6612, HD 7406, HD 164137, and HD 218546) and a new detection of 22 micron excess around a previously known debris disk host star, HD 22128.Comment: 50 pages, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Follow-up Imaging of Disk Candidates from the Disk Detective Citizen Science Project: New Discoveries and False Positives in WISE Circumstellar Disk Surveys

The Disk Detective citizen science project aims to find new stars with excess 22 m emission from circumstellar dust in the All WISE data release from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. We evaluated 261 Disk Detective objects of interest with imaging with the Robo-AO adaptive optics instrument on the 1.5 m telescope at Palomar Observatory and with RetroCam on the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory to search for background objects at 0 1512 separations from each target. Our analysis of these data leads us to reject 7% of targets. Combining this result with statistics from our online image classification efforts implies that at most7.9%0.2% of All WISE-selected infrared excesses are good disk candidates. Applying our false-positive rates to other surveys, we find that the infrared excess searches of McDonald et al. and Marton et al. all have false-positiverates >70%. Moreover, we find that all 13 disk candidates in Theissen & West with W4 signal-to-noise ratio >3are false positives. We present 244 disk candidates that have survived vetting by follow-up imaging. Of these,213 are newly identified disk systems. Twelve of these are candidate members of comoving pairs based on Gaia astrometry, supporting the hypothesis that warm dust is associated with binary systems. We also note the discovery of 22 m excess around two known members of the ScorpiusCentaurus association, and we identifyknown disk host WISEA J164540.79-310226.6 as a likely Sco-Cen member. Thirty of these disk candidates arecloser than 125 pc (including 26 debris disks), making them good targets for both direct-imaging exoplanetsearches

Follow-up Imaging of Disk Candidates from the Disk Detective Citizen Science Project: New Discoveries and False Positives in WISE Circumstellar Disk Surveys

The Disk Detective citizen science project aims to find new stars with excess 22 μm emission from circumstellar dust in the AllWISE data release from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. We evaluated 261 Disk Detective objects of interest with imaging with the Robo-AO adaptive optics instrument on the 1.5 m telescope at Palomar Observatory and with RetroCam on the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory to search for background objects at 0.″15-12″ separations from each target. Our analysis of these data leads us to reject 7% of targets. Combining this result with statistics from our online image classification efforts implies that at most 7.9% ± 0.2% of AllWISE-selected infrared excesses are good disk candidates. Applying our false-positive rates to other surveys, we find that the infrared excess searches of McDonald et al. and Marton et al. all have false-positive rates >70%. Moreover, we find that all 13 disk candidates in Theissen & West with W4 signal-to-noise ratio >3 are false positives. We present 244 disk candidates that have survived vetting by follow-up imaging. Of these, 213 are newly identified disk systems. Twelve of these are candidate members of comoving pairs based on Gaia astrometry, supporting the hypothesis that warm dust is associated with binary systems. We also note the discovery of 22 μm excess around two known members of the Scorpius-Centaurus association, and we identify known disk host WISEA J164540.79-310226.6 as a likely Sco-Cen member. Thirty of these disk candidates are closer than ∼125 pc (including 26 debris disks), making them good targets for both direct-imaging exoplanet searches

Follow-up Imaging of Disk Candidates from the Disk Detective Citizen Science Project: New Discoveries and False Positives in WISE Circumstellar Disk Surveys

The Disk Detective citizen science project aims to find new stars with excess 22 μm emission from circumstellar dust in the AllWISE data release from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. We evaluated 261 Disk Detective objects of interest with imaging with the Robo-AO adaptive optics instrument on the 1.5 m telescope at Palomar Observatory and with RetroCam on the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory to search for background objects at 0.”15–12'' separations from each target. Our analysis of these data leads us to reject 7% of targets. Combining this result with statistics from our online image classification efforts implies that at most 7.9% ± 0.2% of AllWISE-selected infrared excesses are good disk candidates. Applying our false-positive rates to other surveys, we find that the infrared excess searches of McDonald et al. and Marton et al. all have false-positive rates >70%. Moreover, we find that all 13 disk candidates in Theissen & West with W4 signal-to-noise ratio >3 are false positives. We present 244 disk candidates that have survived vetting by follow-up imaging. Of these, 213 are newly identified disk systems. Twelve of these are candidate members of comoving pairs based on Gaia astrometry, supporting the hypothesis that warm dust is associated with binary systems. We also note the discovery of 22 μm excess around two known members of the Scorpius–Centaurus association, and we identify known disk host WISEA J164540.79-310226.6 as a likely Sco-Cen member. Thirty of these disk candidates are closer than ~125 pc (including 26 debris disks), making them good targets for both direct-imaging exoplanet searches

Clinical education, storytelling and perceptions of experience from athletic training students: An interpretative phenomenology

Qualitative research conducted in athletic training in the last two decades has increased but still lacks depth and breadth in pedagogy and education. This is especially evident in the multifaceted clinical education environment where diverse and alternative teaching techniques are necessary. Storytelling is one such teaching technique. It was the purpose of this study to uncover and illustrate the phenomenon of storytelling and its relationship to athletic training students\u27 perceptions of their clinical education experience. Eight athletic training students were selected from a Northern California university undergraduate athletic training education program. The research data consisted of transcriptions from a series of three individual interviews. Athletic training students believed that stories influenced their experience in the clinical education environment in a variety of ways. In the analysis of the research data the following themes emerged: “The Environment and Shaping a Learning Community”, “Connections and Relationships of Shared Experience”, and “Defining and Developing Identity”. The theme “The Environment and Shaping a Learning Community” referred to the ability of shared experience presented in story to affect the clinical education environment through the perpetuation of the hierarchy of experience, the establishment of social norms and maintenance of the language. Respondents explained story\u27s ability to shape the learning community by bringing together students for a collective purpose; through the establishment of relationships, and the sharing of common experience. The theme “Connections and Relationships of Shared Experience” referred to the capacity of story to build connections to learning and knowledge and cultivate human relationships. Respondents expressed that story encouraged learning as a process of self reflection, provided listeners with the opportunity to actively participate and to live vicariously through another\u27s experience and connect didactic knowledge to the practical skills often used in the athletic training room. The theme “Defining and Developing Identity” referred to story\u27s ability to create and reaffirm an athletic training student\u27s personal and professional identity. This study has shown that the pedagogical technique of storytelling impacted athletic training students\u27 clinical education experiences. Additionally, the shared experience improved the learning climate, made learning meaningful and created positive perceptions of student experience. Lastly, the findings from this study offer storytelling as a viable and useful pedagogical technique to the clinical education environment

A Grounded Theory Approach To Determining A Patient’S Decision To Use Medication Therapy Management Services

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. December 2016. Major: Social and Administrative Pharmacy. Advisors: Randall Seifert, Timothy Stratton. 1 computer file (PDF); xiii, 280 pages.Introduction: For every $1 spent on prescription drugs, another$1.30 is spent to correct drug-related problems. Pharmacist-delivered medication therapy management (MTM) services have been documented to decrease the number of drug-related problems; however, patient underutilization of MTM services hinders these programs from realizing their goals. Purpose: Using a grounded theory approach, explain the process by which a patient decides whether to initially attend an employer-sponsored, pharmacist-delivered MTM service by assessing the influence of social, cultural, and/or psychological variables on the patient’s decision. Methods: Focus group participants were recruited from two large self-insured employer groups in Minnesota that offered MTM services as a voluntary health insurance benefit, but which were experiencing low beneficiary enrollment. Study participants were at least 18 years old and were taking four or more prescription medications daily. Participants were assigned to focus groups based on gender, whether they were MTM-naïve or MTM-experienced, and on number of daily medications. Data regarding patient decisions to utilize healthcare services were collected during 12 focus group sessions. Sessions were audio and video recorded, and data codified by two coders. Results: Two primary determinants emerged: A patient’s Healthcare Utilization Paradigm and their Value Assessment of MTM. The resulting DECISION model describes specific variables that impact a patient’s evaluation of MTM: Healthcare Attitudes, Healthcare Team Relationship, Medication Attitudes, Monetary Impact, MTM Service Expectation, Accessibility and Convenience. Only MTM utilization status discriminated between patients within the model; MTM-naïve participants yielded twelve unique variables. This research contributes several new variables beyond what could be extrapolated from the existing Theory of Planned Behavior, Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization and AIDA marketing models: Cost of MTM Visit, Employer-Sponsored Healthcare Program, Dissonance of External Review, Scope of Services, Timing of MTM Recruitment, Trust of Program Sponsor, Pharmacist Relationship and Pharmacy Practice Experience. The latter four appear to most significantly impact a patient’s decision to participate in MTM. Conclusions: A patient’s social network, cultural views, economic paradigm and previous experiences play important roles in their MTM participation decision. The results of this study can enable MTM program sponsors and providers to optimize patient participation by increasing interest in MTM

The Role of Wetlands in Providing Flood Control Benefits

The recent major flood events in North Dakota's Souris and Red River Basins have been linked to flood plain development, wetland drainage, changes in land use and a “wet cycle.” All these factors can influence the degree of flooding. This paper will discuss wetland drainage, and, to a lesser extent, changes in land use (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bismarck Area Office, North Dakota)