Fabrication of improved SiGe alloys for an 18-couple module test

N- and p-type Si{sub 0.78}Ge{sub 0.22} alloys were fabricated to determine if recently reported improvements in the figure-of-merit, Z, could be realized in devices. These will be tested in an 18-couple module to directly compare the performance of these materials with that of standard coarse-grain SiGe used in flight programs. We describe the synthesis by vacuum casting and hot pressing p-type SiGe and mechanical alloying and hot-isostatic pressing n-type SiGe. Improved materials and standard materials are characterized and compared. The integrated average figures-of-merit (573--1273 K) of the improved materials were Z{sub p} = 0.59 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} K{sup {minus}1} and Z{sub n} = 0.85 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} K{sup {minus}1} compared with Z{sub p} = 0.52 {times} l0{sup {minus}3} K{sup {minus}1} and Z{sub n} = 0.76 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} K{sup {minus}1} for the standard materials. We also report the power factors for improved and standard materials removed from fabricated devices to gain insight as to how subsequent processing impacts performance

Global perspectives on observing ocean boundary current systems

Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are home to highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishment of a global network of boundary current observing systems is a critical part of ongoing development of the Global Ocean Observing System. The characteristics of boundary current systems are reviewed, focusing on scientific and societal motivations for sustained observing. Techniques currently used to observe boundary current systems are reviewed, followed by a census of the current state of boundary current observing systems globally. Next steps in the development of boundary current observing systems are considered, leading to several specific recommendations

Global perspectives on observing ocean boundary current systems

Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are hometo highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishmentof a global network of boundary current observing systems is a critical part of ongoingdevelopment of the Global Ocean Observing System. The characteristics of boundarycurrent systems are reviewed, focusing on scientific and societal motivations forsustained observing. Techniques currently used to observe boundary current systemsare reviewed, followed by a census of the current state of boundary current observingsystems globally. The next steps in the development of boundary current observingsystems are considered, leading to several specific recommendations

Global perspectives on observing ocean boundary current systems

Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are home to highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishment of a global network of boundary current observing systems is a critical part of ongoing development of the Global Ocean Observing System. The characteristics of boundary current systems are reviewed, focusing on scientific and societal motivations for sustained observing. Techniques currently used to observe boundary current systems are reviewed, followed by a census of the current state of boundary current observing systems globally. The next steps in the development of boundary current observing systems are considered, leading to several specific recommendations