Poboljšanje kvalitete smolom impregniranog papira za pokrivni sloj laminata

This study aimed to improve the quality properties of impregnated papers used as a coating material in wood-based composites, especially for high-density fiberboard (HDF) floorings, using the Taguchi method and parameter design. Three factors were evaluated in determining the interactions as they are considered the most important in affecting the product quality characteristics such as particle size of Al2O3, surface modification agent and melamine raw material. Experiments were conducted in three replications using the L18 (21 × 32) orthogonal array. Color and gloss measurements were evaluated together with the sensory analysis method, which takes into account the number of the spots in the sample as quality characteristics. The best values obtained as a result of statistical analysis were A2 for the melamine raw material, 30 to 60 μm for the particle size and N-methyl-3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylamine for the surface modifier agent. Whether the experimental factors have a meaningful effect on the quality characteristics was also tested separately by analysis of variance. Only 58 % of the effect of the evaluated factors on the outcome could be expressed with the linear model (R2adj = 0.5785).Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je poboljšati kvalitetu impregniranih papira koji se upotrebljavaju kao prekrivni materijal za drvne kompozite, posebice za podove od tvrde ploče vlaknatice (HDF) primjenom Taguchijeve metode i projektiranja parametara. Za proučavanje interakcija odabrana su tri čimbenika za koja se smatra da najviše utječu na kvalitetu proizvoda. To su veličina čestica Al2O3, sredstvo za modifikaciju površine i melamin. Eksperimenti su provedeni na tri identična uzorka primjenom ortogonalnog niza L18 (21 × 32). Rezultati boje i sjaja proučavani su zajedno metodom senzorske analize, koja kao odrednicu kvalitete uzima u obzir broj točaka na uzorku. Statistički najbolji rezultati dobiveni su za melamin A2, veličinu čestica 30 do 60 mm i za sredstvo za modifikaciju površine Nmetil-3-(trimetoksilil) propilamin. Također, analizom varijance testirana je smislenost učinka eksperimentalnih čimbenika na kvalitetu papira. Samo 58 % evaluiranih čimbenika moglo se izraziti linearnim modelom (R2adj = 0,5785)

Sülfat Etkisine Maruz Kolemanit Katkılı Betonların Donma Çözünme Sonrası Bazı Özelliklerinin Araştırılması

Bu çalışmada kolemanit katkılı betonların donma-çözünme etkisindeki özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Su/çimento oranının (s/ç) 0.48 ve çimento dozajının 400 kg/cm3 sabit tutulduğu karışımlarda, kolemanit normal agrega ile %0-10-20-30-40 ve 50 oranlarında yer değiştirilmiştir. Üretilen beton numunelere 28 gün başlangıç küründen (t=0) sonra ve %5’lik sodyum sülfat çözeltisinde (ilave 90 gün sonunda) bekletildikten (t=90) sonra her bir çevrimi 2 saat donma, 1 saat çözülme olmak üzere toplam 30 çevrimli donma-çözülme deneyine tabi tutulmuştur. 30 çevrim sonrasında numunelerin ultrases geçiş süresi, schmidt yüzey sertliği ve basınç dayanımı değerleri ölçülmüştür

Ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture: A case report

WOS: 000397094300056PubMed ID: 25544490INTRODUCTION: Concomitant ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture are rare injuries. Their clinical presentation is unusual and investigation and management is poorly described. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a 55-year-old woman patient who fell off sustaining a concomitant distal radius and olecranon fracture in the same extremity. On examination, there was gross swelling of the proximal and distal forearm and no neurovascular deficit. Radiographs confirmed distal radius and olecranon fracture. Patient was treated with open reduction and anatomic locking plate for olecranon and a closed reduction percuteneous K wire fixation with penning fixator for distal radius fracture. After physical therapy program, functional results were good and DASH score was 60. DISCUSSION: Several different combinations of fracture with dislocation have been described, but, to our knowledge, concurrent ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture has not been reported before. In the literature review there are two similar cases in the English literature. CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture is a very rare injury due to different trauma mechanisms. However we should keep in mind that there may be adjacent joints and structures for concomitant injuries

TARIMSAL SULAMADA RÜZGAR VE GÜNEŞ ENERJİ SİSTEMLERİNİN KULLANIM OLANAKLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI: ESKİŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ

Sera etkisi nedeniyle, iklim değişiklikleri gün geçtikte olumsuz etkilerini artan bir şekilde dünyamızda hissettirmeye başlamıştır. Dolayısıyla, fosil kaynaklı yakıt kullanımını azaltmak için güneş ve rüzgâr gibi temiz enerji ve kısıtlı olan su kaynaklarını tasarruflu kullanmak artık hayati bir değer taşımayı geçmiş durumdadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Eskişehir iklim şartlarında özellikle tarımsal sulamanın yapıldığı zaman periyodunda; güneş ve rüzgâr enerji sitemlerinin enerji üretim performanslarının ve sulama enerji etkinliklerinin araştırılmasıdır. Projede sistemlerden elde edilen enerji kullanılarak sulama kuyularından çıkarılan su, 350 ton kapasiteli havuzda depolanmakta ve sulamanın gerektiği zamanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Projenin sonuçlarına göre; sistemlerin 1 kWe kurulu gücün üretmiş olduğu enerji; rüzgârda 974 kWh/kWe, Güneşte ise 1.357,74 kWh/kWe olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Sistemlerin geri kazanım (kendini amorti) süresi, rüzgâr enerjisi sisteminde 12,5 yıl, PV güneş enerjisi sisteminde ise 7,1 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Maliyet analizi açısından; sulama suyunun temininde alternatif enerji kaynakları olarak rüzgâr enerjisi, PV güneş enerjisine nazaran 1,87 kat daha pahalı olarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; gerek birim enerji maliyeti ve gerekse kurulum ve bakım kolaylığı yönünden PV güneş enerjisi sistemi daha avantajlı olarak öne çıkmıştır

Optimum Design of an 18-Pulse Phase Shifting Autotransformer Rectifier to Improve the Power Quality of Cascaded H-Bridge Motor Driver

Due to its simplicity, efficiency, and dependability, the multipulse rectifier is widely used in electrical systems. In the presented work, an optimum design of an 18-pulse rectifier is achieved by comparing the most used configurations on the market. The 18-phase shifting autotransformer (18-PSAT) rectifier is a cheaper alternative to conventional rectifiers to reduce system harmonics. After a thorough study of the market needs and available use, this paper discusses four different structures that provide harmonic levels according to IEEE 519 limitations. An innovative 18-PSAT is shown, studied, simulated, produced, and tested with low power loss rates. The Delta differential configuration primarily emphasises lowering the loss power rating for improved power quality. With its simple structure, easy assembly, and direct connection to diodes, the proposed Delta differential configuration provides higher power quality and can cancel harmonics. To determine which 18-PSAT rectifier unit has the best weight, size, and power quality, a comparison of the selected topologies is made. A comprehensive comparison of each topology has simulation results showing current, voltage, and total harmonic distortion (THD) using MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results show that the total harmonic distortion is under 2.9 % when adopting the suggested Delta differential configuration topology. Compared to other designs, the suggested 18-pulse layout reduces overall cost and footprint by a large margin. It is also demonstrated that the DC load power is about 85 % of the recommended rectifier rating

Clinical Study Effects of Zoledronate on Mortality and Morbidity after Surgical Treatment of Hip Fractures

We aimed to evaluate the effects of intertrochanteric femoral fractures on mortality, morbidity, and cost of zoledronate treatment in elderly patients treated by osteosynthesis. Based on Evans classification, 114 patients with unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures were treated with osteosynthesis. After the surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, the treatment group (M/F, 24/32; mean age, 76.7 ± SD years) received zoledronate infusion, and the control group (M/F, 20/38; mean age, 80.2 ± SD years) received placebo. Postoperative control visits were performed at 6-week, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month time points. Functional level of patients was evaluated by the modified Harris hip score and Merle d' Aubigné hip score. By 12 months, the mean HHS in treatment and control groups was 81.93 and 72.9, respectively. For time of death of the patients, mortality was found to be 57.1% (16/28) on the first 3 months and 92.9% (26/28) on the first six months. The mortality rate in the treatment and control groups was 14.3% (8/56) and 34.5% (20/58), respectively. The use of zoledronic acid after surgical treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in osteoporotic elderly patients is a safe treatment modality which helps to reduce mortality, improves functional outcomes, and has less side effects with single dose use per year

TNF-α and IL-1 β Cytokine Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Nasal Polyposis

Objective: Nasal Polyp (NP) is a benign mass of the paranasal sinuses that protrudes into the nasal cavity. The exact underlying pathogenesis is not known. In this study we aimed to determine the genetic susceptibility of NP formation in relation to TNF-α-308 and IL-1β-511 promoter region gene polymorphisms.Methods: A total of 71 patients with NP with asthma (n=21) or without asthma (n=50) were taken as the study group, and 91 healthy volunteers were taken as the control group. Blood was gathered into EDTA-containing tubes, and patient DNA was extracted. The polymorphisms of the IL-β and TNF-α cytokine genes were analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction.Results: The GG genotype in the TNF-α-308 region and the CC genotype in the IL-1β-511 region were found to be risk factors for NP formation (OR: 9.2, p=0.007 and OR: 33.3, p=0.001, respectively). Regarding allelic frequencies, the G allele at the TNF-α-308 promoter region was a risk factor for NP formation (OR: 6.06, p<0.001).Conclusion: TNF-α GG genotype in the -308 promoter region and the IL-1β CC genotype in the -511 region are genetic risk factors for NP formation

Evaluation of the current disease severity scores in paediatric FMF: Is it necessary to develop a new one?

Objectives: Modified adult disease severity scoring systems are being used for childhood FMF. We aim to test the clinical consistency of two common severity scoring systems and to evaluate the correlation of scores with the type of FMF mutations in paediatric FMF patients since certain mutations are prone to severe disease.Methods. Two hundred and fifty-eight children with FMF were cross-sectionally studied. Assessment of the disease severity was performed by using the modified scoring systems of Mor et al. and Pras et al. Genetic analysis was performed using PCR and restriction endonuclease digestion methods for the presence of 15 FMF gene mutations. FMF mutations were grouped into three based on well-known genotypic-phenotypic associations. Correlation between the mutation groups and the severity scoring systems was assessed. The consistency of the severity scoring systems was evaluated.Results. The results of two scoring systems were not statistically consistent with each other (κ = 0.171). This inconsistency persisted even in a more homogeneous subgroup of patients with only homozygote mutations of M694V, M680I and M694I (κ = 0.125). There was no correlation between the mutation groups and either of the scoring systems (P = 0.002, r = 0,196 for scoring systems of Mor et al.; P = 0.009, r = 0.162 for Pras et al.).Conclusions. The inconsistency of the two scoring systems and lack of correlation between the scoring systems and mutation groups raises concerns about the reliability of these scoring systems in children. There is a need to develop a scoring system in children based on a prospective registry. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved