Koruyucu rezin uygulamasının yüksek viskoziteli geleneksel cam iyonomer simanın mikrosertliği üzerine etkisinin ın vıtro olarak değerlendirilmesi

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of early exposure to water and the efficiency of nanofilled self-adhesive lightcured protective resin coating on the microhardness of highly viscous conventional glass ionomer cement. Material and methods: Twenty-four samples were prepared in 2 mm thickness and 5 mm diameter using highly viscous glass ionomer cement. Protective resin coating (G-Coat Plus, GC) was applied onto the entire surfaces of the half of the samples according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples then were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 1 month. Microhardness measurements of the samples were carried out after 24 hours, 2 weeks and 1 month. The data were analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA, Sheffe F and independent t-tests. Results: The microhardness values of uncoated group were observed to gradually increase throughout 24 hours, 2 weeks and 1 month measurement times (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed among the hardness values obtained from the coated group at the different measurement times. Higher microhardness values were obtained from the uncoated samples at all measurement times (p<0.05). Conclusion: Early exposure to water was observed to positively affect the microhardness values of the highly viscous glass ionomer cement. Protective resin coating was determined to form lower hardness values on the surfaces of samples.   ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı erken dönemde suya maruz kalmanın ve ışıkla sertleşen nano-doldurucu içeren self-adeziv koruyucu rezin uygulamasının yüksek viskoziteli geleneksel cam iyonomer simanın mikrosertliği üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yüksek viskoziteli cam iyonomer siman kullanılarak 2 mm kalınlığında ve 5 mm çapında 24 örnek hazırlandı. Örneklerin yarısının tüm yüzeyine üretici firmanın önerileri doğrultusunda koruyucu rezin uygulandı (G-Coat Plus, GC). Daha sonra örnekler 1 ay boyunca 37ºC’de distile suda bekletildi. Yirmi dört saat, 2 hafta ve 1 ay sonunda örneklerin mikrosertlik ölçümleri gerçekleştirildi. Veriler; tekrarlayan ölçümler ANOVA, Sheffe F ve bağımsız t-testleri ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Koruyucu rezin uygulanmayan grupta 24 saat, 2 hafta ve 1 aylık ölçümlerde mikrosertlik değerinin süre arttıkça anlamlı şekilde arttığı belirlendi (p<0.05). Koruyucu rezin uygulanan grupta ise farklı ölçüm periyotlarında elde edilen sertlik değerleri arasında fark saptanmadı. Her ölçüm periyodunda koruyucu rezin uygulanmayan örneklerle daha yüksek sertlik değerleri elde edildi (p<0.05). Sonuç: Erken dönemde suya maruz kalmanın yüksek viskoziteli cam iyonomer simanın sertlik değerini olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlendi. Koruyucu rezin uygulamasının örneklerin yüzeyinde daha düşük sertlik değerleri oluşturduğu saptandı. Anahtar kelimeler: Cam iyonomer siman; self-adeziv rezin; mikrosertlik

Effect of tooth discoloration severity on the efficacy and color stability of two different trayless at-home bleaching systems

Background. The use of trayless at-home bleaching agents in darker teeth has raised some concerns due to their unknown efficacy. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of tooth discoloration severity on the efficacy and color stability of two different trayless at-home bleaching systems. Methods. Ninety enamel‒dentin samples were divided into two groups: lighter and darker teeth. The teeth in each group were further divided into three groups (n=15): (1) tray-based system with 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence Oh) (control group); (2) a tray-applied whitening membrane with 10% hydrogen peroxide (Treswhite Supreme); and (3) a whitening pen with 22% carbamide peroxide (Hollywood Smiles). After bleaching, the teeth were stained for 9 days using red wine. Color readings before bleaching treatment were carried out using a dental spectrophotometer and were repeated 24 h after bleaching treatment and 24 h after staining process. ANOVA, Bonferroni and Dunnett C tests were used at 5% significance level. Results. No differences were observed between the bleaching efficacy of Treswhite Supreme and Opalescence Oh in the lighter teeth, while Opalescence Oh exhibited the best bleaching efficacy in the darker teeth (P<0.05). Hollywood Smiles exhibited the worst bleaching efficacy but the best color stability in both lighter and darker teeth (P<0.05). No differences were observed between the color stability values of Treswhite Supreme and Opalescence Oh. Conclusion. This study suggested that both the tooth discoloration severity and the type of trayless system used affected the bleaching efficacy, whereas only the type of trayless system affected the color stability

Koruyucu rezin uygulamasının yüksek viskoziteli geleneksel cam iyonomer simanın mikrosertliği üzerine etkisinin ın vıtro olarak değerlendirilmesi

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose:&lt;/strong&gt; The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of early exposure to water and the efficiency of nanofilled self-adhesive lightcured protective resin coating on the microhardness of highly viscous conventional glass ionomer cement.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Twenty-four samples were prepared in 2 mm thickness and 5 mm diameter using highly viscous glass ionomer cement. Protective resin coating (G-Coat Plus, GC) was applied onto the entire surfaces of the half of the samples according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples then were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 1 month. Microhardness measurements of the samples were carried out after 24 hours, 2 weeks and 1 month. The data were analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA, Sheffe F and independent t-tests.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The microhardness values of uncoated group were observed to gradually increase throughout 24 hours, 2 weeks and 1 month measurement times (p&amp;lt;0.05). No significant differences were observed among the hardness values obtained from the coated group at the different measurement times. Higher microhardness values were obtained from the uncoated samples at all measurement times (p&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Early exposure to water was observed to positively affect the microhardness values of the highly viscous glass ionomer cement. Protective resin coating was determined to form lower hardness values on the surfaces of samples.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ÖZET&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amaç:&lt;/strong&gt; Bu çalışmanın amacı erken dönemde suya maruz kalmanın ve ışıkla sertleşen nano-doldurucu içeren self-adeziv koruyucu rezin uygulamasının yüksek viskoziteli geleneksel cam iyonomer simanın mikrosertliği üzerine etkisini incelemektir.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gereç ve Yöntem:&lt;/strong&gt; Yüksek viskoziteli cam iyonomer siman kullanılarak 2 mm kalınlığında ve 5 mm çapında 24 örnek hazırlandı. Örneklerin yarısının tüm yüzeyine üretici firmanın önerileri doğrultusunda koruyucu rezin uygulandı (G-Coat Plus, GC). Daha sonra örnekler 1 ay boyunca 37ºC’de distile suda bekletildi. Yirmi dört saat, 2 hafta ve 1 ay sonunda örneklerin mikrosertlik ölçümleri gerçekleştirildi. Veriler; tekrarlayan ölçümler ANOVA, Sheffe F ve bağımsız t-testleri ile analiz edildi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulgular:&lt;/strong&gt; Koruyucu rezin uygulanmayan grupta 24 saat, 2 hafta ve 1 aylık ölçümlerde mikrosertlik değerinin süre arttıkça anlamlı şekilde arttığı belirlendi (p&amp;lt;0.05). Koruyucu rezin uygulanan grupta ise farklı ölçüm periyotlarında elde edilen sertlik değerleri arasında fark saptanmadı. Her ölçüm periyodunda koruyucu rezin uygulanmayan örneklerle daha yüksek sertlik değerleri elde edildi (p&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sonuç:&lt;/strong&gt; Erken dönemde suya maruz kalmanın yüksek viskoziteli cam iyonomer simanın sertlik değerini olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlendi. Koruyucu rezin uygulamasının örneklerin yüzeyinde daha düşük sertlik değerleri oluşturduğu saptandı.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anahtar kelimeler:&lt;/strong&gt; Cam iyonomer siman; self-adeziv rezin; mikrosertlik.&lt;/p&gt

Comparison between translucencies of anterior resin composites and natural dental tissues

Turkun, L. Sebnem/0000-0003-1406-7110WOS:000621871500001We aimed to assess the translucencies of seven anterior resin composites in comparison to natural dental tissues under dry and hydrated conditions. Seven resin composites-Clearfil Majesty ES-2 (A1-AE1), Essentia (LE-Universal), Ceram-X Duo (E1), Synergy D6 Enamel (Universal White Opaque), Harmonize (A1), Filtek Ultimate (XW Enamel), and Zenit (W2)-were used. Five disc-shaped (5 x 1 mm) specimens of each shade were fabricated, and enamel and dentin slices were obtained from extracted teeth. The color coordinates of dry and hydrated samples were measured using the SpectroShade Micro device. Translucency parameter (TP) values were calculated using a formula derivated from the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the interaction between the substrate and the storage medium. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to compare the TP values, and the t test was used to compare the translucency parameter values of dry and hydrated samples (P < .05). Translucency parameter values of all dry and hydrated resin composites were higher than those of enamel and dentin samples (P < .05) except for Clearfil Majesty ES-2 A1 and Ceram-X Duo E1. Hydration increased the translucency parameter value of all samples (P < .05) except Ceram-X Duo E1, Harmonize A1, and Filtek Ultimate XW shades where the values were unchanged. Translucency seems to be material-specific, and no generalization relating to the different substance classes could be made. Hydration and type of materials had a significant effect on TP values. Furthermore, translucency parameter values of anterior resin composites were higher than those of dental tissues, different from each other, and increasing or remain unchanged with hydration depending on the brands tested

Color Changes of Dental Resin Composites before and after Polymerization and Storage in Water

WOS: 000291220800011PubMed ID: 21649834The aims of this study were to: (1) evaluate the A2 shades of various types and brands of resin composites to determine if any color differences occurred before and after polymerization and after 1 month of storage in water and (2) examine the correlation among the color changes and changes in Commission internationale de l'eclairage L*, a*, and b* values after polymerization and after 1 month of storage in water. One submicron-hybrid (Spectrum TPH3, DENTSPLY DeTrey, Milford, DE, USA), one nano-filled (Filtek Supreme XT, 3 M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), three micro-hybrid (Filtek Z250, 3 M ESPE; Esthet X, DENTSPLY DeTrey; and Gradia Direct, GC, Tokyo, Japan), and five nano-hybrid (Ceram X, DENTSPLY DeTrey; Clearfil Majesty Esthetics, Kuraray, Osaka, Japan; Premise, Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA; Tetric Evo Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein and Tetric N Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) light-curing resin composites were tested. The specimens (N = 10 for each composite) were prepared as discs, 12 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, using round molds. The measurements were performed "before polymerization," "after polymerization," and "after 1 month of storage in water" using a contact type dental spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade, Vident, Brea, CA, USA). The range of Delta E* values after polymerization (Delta E*1) and storage in water (Delta E*2) were 4.59 to 14.13 and 1.26 to 6.29, respectively. Nested analysis of variance and post hoc tests revealed that the type of resin composites significantly affected Delta a*1, Delta a*2, Delta b*1, Delta b*2, Delta E*2-values, whereas the brand of resin composites affected the changes in all color parameters (p < 0.05). In spite of many improvements in chemical compositions and fillers of the contemporary composites, color changes after polymerization were perceptible in all resin composites. However, color changes after storage in water were in the acceptable ranges for all resin composites except Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Gradia Direct. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In spite of many improvements in chemical compositions and fillers of the contemporary resin composites, the color changes after polymerization were still perceptible in all the resin composites tested in this study, regardless of their types and brands. Such changes may cause esthetic problems clinically, thus should be taken into account when the shade selections are performed. Alternatively, a piece of unpolymerized resin material can be placed on, or adjacent to the tooth to be restored and polymerized to confirm the selected shade of the esthetic material

Can the Hydrogel Form of Sodium Ascorbate Be Used to Reverse Compromised Bond Strength After Bleaching?

WOS: 000265951700005PubMed ID: 19343925Purpose: To assess the effect of the hydrogel form of different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of sodium ascorbate on the shear bond strength of composite after bleaching of the enamel with 10% carbamide peroxide gel. Materials and Methods: Sixty flat buccal enamel surfaces obtained from 30 bovine incisors were divided into 6 treatment groups: group I, control (nonbleached); group II, no antioxidant treatment after bleaching; group III, 10% sodium ascorbate solution after bleaching; group IV, 2.5% sodium ascorbate hydrogel after bleaching; group V, 5% sodium ascorbate hydrogel after bleaching; group VI, 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel after bleaching. The specimens were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond, then thermocycled and subjected to the shear test until failure. Fracture analysis of the bonded enamel surfaces was examined using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: While the samples that were not treated with antioxidant after bleaching (group I) demonstrated significantly lower shear bond strengths and the 10% sodium ascorbate gel group (group VI) demonstrated significantly higher bond strengths than the control group (p 0.05). Among the antioxidant groups, only the groups treated with the 10% solution and the 10% hydrogel form of sodium ascorbate (group III and VI) revealed significantly higher bond strengths than the bleached group without antioxidant (group II) (p < 0.05). Higher scores were obtained with 10% sodium ascorbate gel (group VI) when compared with the other antioxidant-treated groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the 10% hydrogel form of sodium ascorbate may be used in clinical procedures instead of its solution form. However, using sodium ascorbate hydrogel with concentrations lower than 10% may not be as reliable as using this agent in 10% concentration for reversing the compromised bond strength

Tensile Bond Strength of an Aged Resin Composite Repaired with Different Protocols

WOS: 000294079200008PubMed ID: 20978641Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments and bonding procedures on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of resin composites repaired 6 months after polymerization. Materials and Methods: Resin composite sticks were aged in distilled water at 37 C for 6 months. They were divided into 12 groups (n = 10) according to the combination of surface treatment/bonding procedures [none, only bur treatment, XP Bond (XPB/Dentsply/DeTrey) with/without bur, AdheSE (A-SE/Ivoclar/Vivadent) with/without bur, Composite Primer (CP/GC) with/without bur, CP after bur and acid-etching, XPB after acid etching and CP with bur, A-SE after bur and CP]. The ultimate tensile bond strength (UTS) of the resin composites was tested in intact but aged specimens. Tensile bond strengths were tested with a universal testing machine (Shimadzu). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Comparisons tests (p < 0.05). Results: All repaired groups showed significantly higher TBS than the group without any surface treatment (p < 0.05). Four groups resulted in TBS similar to those of intact resin composite UTS: A-SE, A-SE with bur, A-SE after CP with bur, and XPB after acid etching+CP with bur. Conclusion: Bur treatment, silane primer or etch-and-rinse adhesive application alone were not successful in the repair process of aged resin composite, whereas self-etching adhesive alone showed similar performance to the intact specimens. Combined procedures generally showed better performance: A-SE with bur, A-SE after CP with bur, and XPB after acid etching +CP with bur showed TBS similar to those of the intact specimens. It was concluded that bur roughening of the surfaces and rebonding procedures were essential for repairing aged resin composites