The Structure and Measurement of Career Indecision: A Critical Review

This article provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical and empirical progress of indecision structural models and assessment from 2000 to 2017. Because career indecision remains a central topic for career counseling, it is important for the field to achieve an updated understanding of its models and measurement. Based on the development of theory-driven and data-driven indecision models and measures, the review generally found that the Career Decision Difficulties Questionnaire, the Emotional and Personality Career Difficulties Scale, and the Career Indecision Profile could reliably and validly measure various factors of career indecision. It was also found that an integrative five-factor model of indecision (i.e., neuroticism/negative affectivity, choice/commitment anxiety, need for information, lack of readiness, and interpersonal conflicts) shows the potential to adequately represent the comprehensive factor structure of career indecision. Implications and recommendations for practice and research are discussed in a global context

Role of the σ\sigma-resonance in determining the convergence of chiral perturbation theory

The dimensionless parameter $\xi = M_\pi^2/(16 \pi^2 F_\pi^2)$, where $F_\pi$ is the pion decay constant and $M_\pi$ is the pion mass, is expected to control the convergence of chiral perturbation theory applicable to QCD. Here we demonstrate that a strongly coupled lattice gauge theory model with the same symmetries as two-flavor QCD but with a much lighter $\sigma$-resonance is different. Our model allows us to study efficiently the convergence of chiral perturbation theory as a function of $\xi$. We first confirm that the leading low energy constants appearing in the chiral Lagrangian are the same when calculated from the $p$-regime and the $\epsilon$-regime as expected. However, $\xi \lesssim 0.002$ is necessary before 1-loop chiral perturbation theory predicts the data within 1%. For $\xi > 0.0035$ the data begin to deviate dramatically from 1-loop chiral perturbation theory predictions. We argue that this qualitative change is due to the presence of a light $\sigma$-resonance in our model. Our findings may be useful for lattice QCD studies.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, revtex forma

Making the Academic Writing Process Explicit for Doctoral Students in the Social Sciences

The purpose of this article is to clarify the academic writing process and stages of publication for novice scholars. With doctoral student mentorship being highly dependent on relationships with faculty mentors, the quality and type of mentorship received varies widely. We designed this article to provide a shared starting point for new scholars trying to navigate the writing and publication process. We use our experiences as three newly tenured faculty members to provide some guidance for students. Additionally, this article adds to the existing body of knowledge on the academic writing process by bringing some hidden curriculum and norms to the forefront and making the information available to all students. Article highlights include four areas of focus of academic publishing: (a) the presentation to publication process; (b) journal choice and preparing for journal submission; (c) revision as a communal process; and (d) the journal response. Within this article, we have recommended several places where new scholars can make decisions ranging from where to submit papers, who and how to ask for help, and ways that they can respond to reviewers

piRNAs and Aubergine cooperate with Wispy poly(A) polymerase to stabilize mRNAs in the germ plasm

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins play a crucial role in germ cells by repressing transposable elements and regulating gene expression. In Drosophila, maternal piRNAs are loaded into the embryo mostly bound to the PIWI protein Aubergine (Aub). Aub targets maternal mRNAs through incomplete base-pairing with piRNAs and can induce their destabilization in the somatic part of the embryo. Paradoxically, these Aub-dependent unstable mRNAs encode germ cell determinants that are selectively stabilized in the germ plasm. Here we show that piRNAs and Aub actively protect germ cell mRNAs in the germ plasm. Aub directly interacts with the germline-specific poly(A) polymerase Wispy, thus leading to mRNA polyadenylation and stabilization in the germ plasm. These results reveal a role for piRNAs in mRNA stabilization and identify Aub as an interactor of Wispy for mRNA polyadenylation. They further highlight the role of Aub and piRNAs in embryonic patterning through two opposite functions

On the selection of Saffman-Taylor viscous fingers for divergent flow in a wedge

We study self-similar viscous fingering for the case of divergent flow within a wedge-shaped Hele-Shaw cell. Previous authors have conjectured the existence of a countably-infinite number of selected solutions, each distinguished by a different value of the relative finger angle. Interestingly, the associated solution branches have been posited to merge and disappear in pairs as the surface tension decreases. We demonstrate how exponential asymptotics is used to derive the selection mechanism. In addition, asymptotic predictions of the finger-to-wedge angle are given for different sized wedges and surface-tension values. The merging of solution branches is explained; this feature is qualitatively different to the case of classic Saffman-Taylor viscous fingering in a parallel channel configuration. The phenomena of branch merging in our self-similar problem relates to tip splitting instabilities in time-dependent flows in a circular geometry, where the viscous fingers destabilise and divide in two

A Case Study of Tire Crumb Use on Playgrounds: Risk Analysis and Communication When Major Clinical Knowledge Gaps Exist

Physicians and public health professionals working with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Region 8 Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU) received several telephone calls requesting information regarding the safety of recycled tire crumb as a playground surface constituent placed below children’s play structures. There were no reported symptoms or adverse health effects in exposed children. The literature available on the safety and risk of exposure to crumb rubber constituents was limited and revealed no information quantifying exposures associated with product use. Callers were informed by the PEHSU that no evidence existed suggesting harm from intended use of the product, but gaps in knowledge about the product were identified and communicated. Here the case of crumb rubber on playgrounds is used as a model to present an approach to similar environmental medicine questions. From defining the question, to surveying traditional and nontraditional resources for information, synthesis of findings, and risk communication, the case provides a model to approach similar questions

Effects of neighborhood disadvantage on problem gambling and alcohol abuse

Background and aims: Based on social disorganization theory, the present study examined the effects of neighborhood disadvantage on gambling behaviors and problems as well as on alcohol use and abuse. Methods: Findings were based on a combined sample of two representative U.S. telephone surveys of gambling and substance use. One survey (n = 2,631) included adults 18 years and older and the second survey (2,274) included young people aged 14–21 years old. Results: Neighborhood disadvantage had a highly significant effect on problem gambling over and above the significant individual effects of gender, age, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Alcohol abuse did not show the same relationship to neighborhood disadvantage as did problem gambling. Furthermore, when neighborhood disadvantage was high and individual socioeconomic status was low, the highest levels of problem gambling were observed. Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence for the effects of neighborhood ecology on the occurrence of problem gambling

Systemic restoration of UBA1 ameliorates disease in spinal muscular atrophy

Acknowledgments Blood biochemistry analysis and serum analysis were performed by the Easter Bush Pathology Department, University of Edinburgh. Animal husbandry was performed by Centre for Integrative Physiology bio-research restructure technical staff, University of Edinburgh. Assistance with intravenous injections was provided by Ian Coldicott (University of Sheffield) and Hannah Shorrock (University of Edinburgh). Human blood cDNA was a gift to GH from Kathy Evans, University of Edinburgh. Imaging was performed at the IMPACT imaging facility, University of Edinburgh, with technical assistance from Anisha Kubasik-Thayil. The authors would also like to thank Lyndsay Murray for technical discussions relating to qRT-PCR analysis. This work was supported by funding from the SMA Trust and the Anatomical Society (via grants to THG); the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research (via grants to THG and SHP); the Wellcome Trust (via grants to EJNG and THG); Muscular Dystrophy UK (via grants to THG and CGB); a Elphinstone Scholarship from the University of Aberdeen (to SHP); and The French Muscular Dystrophy Association (via grants to CM and JC).Peer reviewedPublisher PD