Astmaatikon kokemuksia potilasohjauksesta

Astma on yleisimpiä kansantautejamme. Lääkehoitoa vaativista pitkäaikaisista sairauksista se on kolmanneksi yleisin verenpainetaudin ja sepelvaltimotaudin jälkeen. Lasten pitkäaikaissairauksista astma on yleisin. Valtakunnallisessa astmaohjelmassa esitetyn arvion mukaan vaikea-asteista astmaa sairastaa kaikista potilaista 20 %, keski-vaikeaa 20 % ja lievää astmaa 60 %. Opinnäytetyön nimi on astmaatikon kokemuksia potilasohjauksesta. Opinnäytetyömme toimeksiantaja on Kainuun maakunta-kuntayhtymän keuhkosairauksien poliklinikka. Opinnäytetyömme tarkoituksena oli kar-toittaa, miten kyselyyn osallistuvat astmaatikot ovat sitoutuneita omahoitoon. Tavoitteenamme oli selvittää, miten potilaat saavat keuhkosairauksien poliklinikalla ohjausta astman omahoitoon, olivatko potilaat saaneet ohjausta riittävästi ja mihin asioihin he olisivat halunneet saada enemmän tietoa ja ohjausta. Opinnäytteemme tutkimuksellinen lähestymistapa oli kvalitatiivinen tutkimusote. Opinnäytetyön aineiston ke-ruumenetelmänä käytimme kyselyä. Kysely muodostui avoimista kysymyksistä, joilla haluttiin selvittää astmaati-kon omahoitoon sitoutumista ja potilasohjauksen laatua ja kokemuksia potilasohjauksesta. Kerätty aineisto analysoitiin sisällön analyysin avulla. Tulokset esitettiin eri astman hoitoon sisältyvien teemojen ylä- ja alakategorioina. Kyselyyn vastasi 13 vastaajaa (n = 13). Tuloksista kävi ilmi, että kyselyyn osallistuneet astmaatikot olivat pääosin tyytyväisiä saamansa potilasohjaukseen keuhkosairauksien poliklinikalla. Osalla vastaajista on astman hoito omasta jaksamisesta kiinni. Osa vastaajista tietää ja ymmärtää astman hoidon merkityksen terveydelle. Opinnäytetyömme tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää keuhkosairauksien poliklinikalla hoitotyön käytäntöön. Opinnäytetyömme tulokset antavat tietoa miten astmaa sairastavan potilasohjausta ja sen sisältöä voidaan jatkossa kehittää. Tulokset antavat tietoa potilasohjauksen kehittämistarpeista. Jatkotutkimusaiheena olisi hyvä selvittää sairaanhoitajien kokemuksia astmaa sairastavan potilasohjauksesta keuhkosairauksien poliklinikalla. Opinnäytetyö prosessin kautta olemme vahvistaneet sairaanhoitajan työssä tarvittavaa tiedollista ja taidollista ja asenteista osaamista jota voimme hyödyntää astmaa sairastavan kokonaishoitoon ja ohjaukseen. Prosessin kautta olemme saaneet vahvistuksen sille, miten tärkeä on sairaanhoitajan asenne ja osaaminen potilasohjaukseen.Asthma is one of the most common national diseases. Amongst long term diseases requiring medical treatment it is the third most common after arterial hypertension and coronary artery diseases. Among Childhood long term diseases asthma is the most common. According to an estimate provided by a nationwide asthmas program 20 % of all asthma patients suffer from severe asthma, 20 % from mildly severe and 60 % suffer from slight asthma. The name of this thesis is an Asthma Patient’s Experiences of Supervision. The commissioner of the thesis was the Joint Authority of the Kainuu Region and our working – life supervisor was the Pulmonary Diseases Outpatients’ Department. The purpose of this thesis was to clarify by survey how the asthma patients involved were committed to care for their asthma. The aim was to clarify whether patients had been provided with sufficient instruction and supervision and in what issues did they require further knowledge and instruction. The investigational approach of this thesis was qualitative, using a survey to collect data. The survey con-sisted of open questions intending to clarify how asthma patients are committed to care for asthma and to establish the quality of patient instruction and how patients experienced instruction. The collected ma-terial was analyzed using qualitative contents analysis. The results were presented in super and sub categories in different themes related to the care of asthma. 13 respondents took part in the survey (n=13).The results indicated that patients were mainly satisfied with instruction received in the Pulmonary Diseases Outpatients’ Department. For some of the respondents, the care of their asthma depended on how they were coping generally. Others understood and were aware of the significance of caring for their asthma to their health. The results of the thesis provide information on how patient instruction and its contents can be developed in the future. In the future, it would be appropriate to research how nurses experience the instruction and supervision of asthma patients in the Pulmonary Diseases Outpatients’ Department. The thesis process has strengthened the knowledge and skill-based competence as well as attitudes required in nursing, which we can use in the care and instruction of asthma patients. The process has confirmed how important attitude and competence is in patient instruction

Polymers with attractive interactions on the Husimi tree

We obtain the solution of models of self-avoiding walks with attractive interactions on Husimi lattices built with squares. Two attractive interactions are considered: between monomers on first-neighbor sites and not consecutive along a walk and between bonds located on opposite edges of elementary squares. For coordination numbers q>4, two phases, one polymerized the other non-polymerized, are present in the phase diagram. For small values of the attractive interaction the transition between those phases is continuous, but for higher values a first-order transition is found. Both regimes are separated by a tricritical point. For q=4 a richer phase diagram is found, with an additional (dense) polymerized phase, which is stable for for sufficiently strong interactions between bonds. The phase diagram of the model in the three-dimensional parameter space displays surfaces of continuous and discontinuous phase transitions and lines of tricritical points, critical endpoints and triple points.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Electron localization by a magnetic vortex

We study the problem of an electron in two dimensions in the presence of a magnetic vortex with a step-like profile. Dependending on the values of the effective mass and gyromagnetic factor of the electron, it may be trapped by the vortex. The bound state spectrum is obtained numerically, and some limiting cases are treated analytically.Comment: 8 pages, latex, 4 figure

Kaluza-Klein Pistons with non-Commutative Extra Dimensions

We calculate the scalar Casimir energy and Casimir force for a $R^3\times N$ Kaluza-Klein piston setup in which the extra dimensional space $N$ contains a non-commutative 2-sphere, $S_{FZ}$. The cases to be studied are $T^d\times S_{FZ}$ and $S_{FZ}$ respectively as extra dimensional spaces, with $T^d$ the $d$ dimensional commutative torus. The validity of the results and the regularization that the piston setup offers are examined in both cases. Finally we examine the 1-loop corrected Casimir energy for one piston chamber, due to the self interacting scalar field in the non-commutative geometry. The computation is done within some approximations. We compare this case for the same calculation done in Minkowski spacetime $M^D$. A discussion on the stabilization of the extra dimensional space within the piston setup follows at the end of the article.Comment: 22 page

The thermodynamic meaning of negative entropy

Landauer's erasure principle exposes an intrinsic relation between thermodynamics and information theory: the erasure of information stored in a system, S, requires an amount of work proportional to the entropy of that system. This entropy, H(S|O), depends on the information that a given observer, O, has about S, and the work necessary to erase a system may therefore vary for different observers. Here, we consider a general setting where the information held by the observer may be quantum-mechanical, and show that an amount of work proportional to H(S|O) is still sufficient to erase S. Since the entropy H(S|O) can now become negative, erasing a system can result in a net gain of work (and a corresponding cooling of the environment).Comment: Added clarification on non-cyclic erasure and reversible computation (Appendix E). For a new version of all technical proofs see the Supplementary Information of the journal version (free access

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox: from concepts to applications

This Colloquium examines the field of the EPR Gedankenexperiment, from the original paper of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, through to modern theoretical proposals of how to realize both the continuous-variable and discrete versions of the EPR paradox. We analyze the relationship with entanglement and Bell's theorem, and summarize the progress to date towards experimental confirmation of the EPR paradox, with a detailed treatment of the continuous-variable paradox in laser-based experiments. Practical techniques covered include continuous-wave parametric amplifier and optical fibre quantum soliton experiments. We discuss current proposals for extending EPR experiments to massive-particle systems, including spin-squeezing, atomic position entangle- ment, and quadrature entanglement in ultra-cold atoms. Finally, we examine applications of this technology to quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation and entanglement-swapping.Comment: Colloquium in press in Reviews of Modern Physics, accepted Dec 200

Phase Transitions in a Model Anisotropic High Tc Superconductor

We carry out simulations of the anisotropic uniformly frustrated 3D XY model, as a model for vortex line fluctuations in high Tc superconductors. We compute the phase diagram as a function of temperature and anisotropy, for a fixed applied magnetic field. We find that superconducting coherence parallel to the field persists into the vortex line liquid state, and that this transition lies well below the "mean-field" cross-over from the vortex line liquid to the normal state.Comment: 23 pages + 19 ps figure

Exact Solutions of the Klein-Gordon Equation in the Presence of a Dyon, Magnetic Flux and Scalar Potential in the Specetime of Gravitational Defects

In this paper we analyse the relativistic quantum motion of a charged spin-0 particle in the presence of a dyon, Aharonov-Bohm magnetic field and scalar potential, in the spacetimes produced by an idealized cosmic string and global monopole. In order to develop this analysis, we assume that the dyon and the Aharonov-Bohm magnetic field are superposed to both gravitational defects. Two distinct configurations for the scalar potential, $S(r)$, are considered: $i)$ the potential proportional to the inverse of the radial distance, i.e., $S\propto1/r$, and $ii)$ the potential proportional to this distance, i.e., $S\propto r$. For both cases the center of the potentials coincide with the dyon's position. In the case of the cosmic string the Aharonov-Bohm magnetic field is considered along the defect, and for the global monopole this magnetic field pierces the defect. The energy spectra are computed for both cases and explicitly shown their dependence on the electrostatic and scalar coupling constants. Also we analyse scattering states of the Klein-Gordon equations, and show how the phase shifts depend on the geometry of the spacetime and on the coupling constants parameter.Comment: To be published in CQG. Minor comments adde

Zero modes in a system of Aharonov-Bohm fluxes

We study zero modes of two-dimensional Pauli operators with Aharonov--Bohm fluxes in the case when the solenoids are arranged in periodic structures like chains or lattices. We also consider perturbations to such periodic systems which may be infinite and irregular but they are always supposed to be sufficiently scarce

Vortex Line Fluctuations in Model High Temperature Superconductors

We carry out Monte Carlo simulations of the uniformly frustrated 3d XY model as a model for vortex line fluctuations in a high Tc superconductor. A density of vortex lines of f=1/25 is considered. We find two sharp phase transitions. The low T phase is an ordered vortex line lattice. The high T normal phase is a vortex line liquid with much entangling, cutting, and loop excitations. An intermediate phase is found which is characterized as a vortex line liquid of disentangled lines. In this phase, the system displays superconducting properties in the direction parallel to the magnetic field, but normal behavior in planes perpendicular to the magnetic field.Comment: 38 pages, LaTeX 15 figures (upon request to [email protected]