26 research outputs found

    Milhac – Le Bois de Milhac

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    Le Bois de Milhac a fait l’objet d’une dĂ©couverte fortuite par un amateur en 2014 : une sĂ©rie de trois sondages non autorisĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© entreprise, sur une emprise totale de 3 x 3 m2, et dont le plus grand atteint 30 cm de profondeur. L’expertise d’une partie de la collection fin 2014 (expertise : L. Guyard, E. Labastie, Conseil dĂ©partemental du Lot, et J.-G. Bordes, PACEA – universitĂ© de Bordeaux), complĂ©tĂ©e par la dĂ©couverte le jour-mĂȘme d’une lamelle Ă  retouche alterne (Dufour) dans les dĂ©blai..

    The Grain de mil flint, a key resource from south-western France during the Palaeolithic: Characterization and determination criteria in archeological contexts

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    Land use patterns are typically used to describe Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer nomadic groups. Due to the methodological development of petroarchaeology, in south-western France in particular, this region is one of the best documented European areas in terms of siliceous resources. But one major unknown still needs to be addressed: the characterization and origin of the so-called “Grain de mil” flint, a common raw material that has never been properly described and sourced even though it has been identified in archeological contexts over a very extensive area. In order to address this issue, we first approach the question of the lithic raw material analytical method: the sedimentary petrographic description remains the best approach to directly include petrological data in a petro-techno-economical study. We then present the results of the Grain de mil study: this material is typical of Charente-Maritime as its formation is linked to the Jonzac anticline. It forms a flint group comprising two types (Jonzac and Saintes), mostly differing with regard to outcrop location, and nodule size and shape. In archeological contexts, criteria observable with a binocular microscope are sufficient to distinguish the Grain de mil from other north Aquitaine Cretaceous materials with abundant grains, particularly regarding their organization and pattern, and the absence of quartz grains

    Traditions techniques du Magdalénien moyen ancien. Apport de la série lithique de Combe-Cullier, Lacave, Lot, France (couches 11 à 13)

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    Combe-Cullier (Lacave, Lot) est un site connu depuis le dĂ©but du XXe siĂšcle, grĂące aux sondages des abbĂ©s HĂ©reil et CallĂ©. Il a Ă©tĂ© popularisĂ© suite aux fouilles des niveaux magdalĂ©niens de la grotte, menĂ©es par A. VirĂ© entre 1906 et 1935. Le talus est ensuite fouillĂ©, par J.-F. Flies, Ă  la fin des annĂ©es 1960 et a livrĂ© plusieurs niveaux rĂ©cemment datĂ©s du MagdalĂ©nien infĂ©rieur, moyen et supĂ©rieur. Cette collection constitue un riche ensemble archĂ©ologique : industries lithiques et osseuses, faune, matiĂšres colorantes, parure et art mobilier.Dans le cadre d’une rĂ©vision collective du gisement, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  la caractĂ©risation des niveaux du MagdalĂ©nien moyen ancien (ou MMA), datĂ©s entre 19 500 et 18  500 cal. BP, ayant notamment livrĂ© des lamelles scalĂšnes. À partir des analyses pĂ©troarchĂ©ologiques, techno-Ă©conomiques et techno-typologiques du matĂ©riel en silex, nous proposons de caractĂ©riser certains comportements et choix mis en Ɠuvre par les chasseurs-collecteurs ayant occupĂ© Combe-Cullier au cours du MMA.Cette Ă©tude a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence, Ă  Combe-Cullier, une diversitĂ© dans le spectre de matiĂšres premiĂšres siliceuses. L’approvisionnement se fait essentiellement Ă  l’échelle locale et est centrĂ© sur des silex sĂ©noniens du PĂ©rigord et tertiaires du bassin d’Aurillac (disponibles dans les alluvions de la Dordogne). Quelques piĂšces tĂ©moignent Ă©galement de circulations des matiĂšres premiĂšres depuis la Chalosse, la Charente-Maritime (Saintonge) et le sud du Bassin parisien. Nous avons donc mis en Ă©vidence une segmentation, diffĂ©rentielle dans l’espace et le temps, des chaĂźnes opĂ©ratoires de productions lamino-lamellaires.Le dĂ©bitage laminaire, rĂ©alisĂ© sur place ou documentĂ© par des lames importĂ©es, indique un schĂ©ma unipolaire menĂ© au percuteur tendre organique et prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement orientĂ© sur l’exploitation de surfaces larges selon des sĂ©quences frontales juxtaposĂ©es. Il fournit des supports pour l’outillage Ă  vocation domestique. Le dĂ©bitage lamellaire est destinĂ© Ă  la fabrication des armatures de chasse, dont les gabarits et la composition typologique varient entre les diffĂ©rents niveaux, avec une recherche notable d’armatures tronquĂ©es. Enfin la fabrication des lamelles scalĂšnes tĂ©moigne d’une normalisation avec la recherche d’un morphotype particulier, prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement latĂ©ralisĂ©.Combe-Cullier (Lacave, Lot) is a site known since the beginning of the 20th century, with the surveys of the abbots HĂ©reil and CallĂ©. It was popularized following the excavations of the Magdalenian levels of the cave, conducted by A. VirĂ© between 1906 and 1935. The bank, in front of the cave, is then excavated by J.-F. Flies in the 1960s and has delivered several levels recently dated from the lower, middle and upper Magdalenian. This collection constitutes a rich archaeological record: lithic and bone industries, fauna, coloring materials, ornament and portable art.Within the framework of a collective revision of the deposit, we were interested in the characterization of the levels of the early middle Magdalenian (or EMM), dated between 19500 and 18500 cal BP, having notably delivered scalene bladelets. Based on petroarchaeological, techno-economic and techno-typological analyses of flint material, we propose to characterize certain behaviours and choices implemented by hunter-gatherers who occupied Combe-Cullier during the EMM.This study revealed, at Combe-Cullier, diversity in the spectrum of siliceous raw materials. The supply is essentially on a local scale and is centered on Senonian flint from the PĂ©rigord and tertiary from the Aurillac basin (mainly collected in alluvium). Some objects also testify to the circulation of raw materials from the Chalosse, the Charente-Maritime (Saintonge) and the south of the Paris Basin. We have therefore highlighted segmentation, different in space and time, of the lamino-lamellar production chains.The laminar debitage, carried out on site or documented by imported blades, indicates an unipolar scheme led to the organic soft hammer and preferably oriented on the exploitation of large surfaces according to juxtaposed frontal sequences. It provides supports for domestic tools. The lamellar debitage is intended for the manufacture of backed bladelets, whose templates and typological composition vary between the different levels, with a notable search for truncated ones. Finally, the manufacture of scalene bladelets seems to be standardized by the search for a particular morphotype, preferably lateralized

    Lymphopenia combined with low TCR diversity (divpenia) predicts poor overall survival in metastatic breast cancer patients

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    Lymphopenia (< 1Giga/L) detected before initiation of chemotherapy is a predictive factor for death in metastatic solid tumors. Combinatorial T cell repertoire (TCR) diversity was investigated and tested either alone or in combination with lymphopenia as a prognostic factor at diagnosis for overall survival (OS) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. The combinatorial TCR diversity was measured by semi quantitative multi-N-plex PCR on blood samples before the initiation of the first line chemotherapy in a development (n = 66) and validation (n = 67) MBC patient cohorts. A prognostic score, combining lymphocyte count and TCR diversity was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for OS were performed in both cohorts. Lymphopenia and severe restriction of TCR diversity called “divpenia” (diversity ≀ 33%) were independently associated with shorter OS. Lympho-divpenia combining lymphopenia and severe divpenia accurately identified patients with poor OS in both cohorts (7.6 and 10.6 vs 24.5 and 22.9 mo). In multivariate analysis including other prognostic clinical factors, lympho-divpenia was found to be an independent prognostic factor in the pooled cohort (p = 0.005) along with lack of HER2 and hormonal receptors expression (p = 0.011) and anemia (p = 0.009). Lympho-divpenia is a novel prognostic factor that will be used to improve quality of MBC patients’ medical care

    La Roque-Gageac – La grotte Maldidier

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    Les opĂ©rations de terrain menĂ©es depuis 2012 dans la grotte Maldidier, petite cavitĂ© qui surplombe la vallĂ©e de la Dordogne, ont pour objectif de caractĂ©riser dans le temps et l’espace, les occupations par les Hommes et les Carnivores au dĂ©but du PalĂ©olithique rĂ©cent. En 2015, les opĂ©rations de fouille se sont concentrĂ©es sur trois zones de la cavitĂ© (entrĂ©e, milieu de couloir et fond de la cavitĂ©). Le matĂ©riel recueilli est composĂ© de nombreux restes de faune, d’industrie lithique, d’élĂ©ment..

    SolĂšne Caux (2015) — Du territoire d’approvisionnement au territoire culturel : pĂ©troarchĂ©ologie et techno-Ă©conomie du silex « grain de mil » durant l’Aurignacien dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, ThĂšse de doctorat soutenue le 23 octobre 2015 Ă  l’universitĂ© de Bordeaux

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    Caux SolĂšne. SolĂšne Caux (2015) — Du territoire d’approvisionnement au territoire culturel : pĂ©troarchĂ©ologie et techno-Ă©conomie du silex « grain de mil » durant l’Aurignacien dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, ThĂšse de doctorat soutenue le 23 octobre 2015 Ă  l’universitĂ© de Bordeaux. In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© prĂ©historique française, tome 113, n°3, 2016. pp. 607-608

    Étude typo-technologique et pĂ©tro-archĂ©ologique des grattoirs Caminade. PremiĂšre synthĂšse d’un outil caractĂ©ristique de l’Aurignacien rĂ©cent du Sud-Ouest de la France

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    The Late Aurignacian has long been characterized by just a few typical tools including the busked burins and the Roc-de-Combe twisted bladelets that are known from the Atlantic Ocean to the Levant. Caminade endscrapers were rapidly established as a typical tool of the Late Aurignacian as they were found at Caminade (Dordogne) within an assemblage comprising some busked burins. It seems however that this type never spread beyond the Aquitaine Basin. Moreover, all the Caminade endscrapers from the eponymous site were made from the same raw material, later recognized as ‘ grain de mil’ flint from Charente-Maritime. All of these observations lead to a series of questions : How is the territory associated with Caminade endscrapers defined ? Why did the twisted bladelet tradition spread on a continental scale while Caminade endscrapers were apparently limited to South-Western France ? What were the social mechanisms (transfer of knowledge, human mobility, development of technical traditions, etc.) that led to such a geographic distribution of these lithic remains, considered as contemporaneous ?La phase rĂ©cente de l’Aurignacien a longtemps Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©e uniquement par quelques outils types dont les plus connus sont les burins busquĂ©s, ainsi que les grattoirs Ă  museau et les lamelles torses Dufour sous-type Rocde-Combe. Certains d’entre eux sont retrouvĂ©s de l’ocĂ©an Atlantique jusqu’au Levant. Les grattoirs Caminade ont pourtant trĂšs rapidement Ă©tĂ© Ă©rigĂ©s comme marqueurs de l’Aurignacien rĂ©cent puisqu’ils ont Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©s sur leur site Ă©ponyme (Caminade, Dordogne) dans un ensemble de vestiges comprenant Ă©galement des burins busquĂ©s. Cependant il ne semble pas que ce type ait diffusĂ© au-delĂ  du Bassin aquitain. De plus, tous les grattoirs Caminade du site Ă©ponyme sont rĂ©alisĂ©s dans le mĂȘme matĂ©riau, reconnu a posteriori comme Ă©tant le silex «Grain de mil » de Charente-Maritime. L’ensemble de ces observations a soulevĂ© plusieurs questions : comment se dĂ©finit le territoire associĂ© aux grattoirs Caminade ? Pourquoi la tradition technique des lamelles torses a-t-elle diffusĂ© Ă  l’échelle pan-continentale tandis que celle des grattoirs Caminade semble ĂȘtre restreinte au Bassin aquitain ? Quels sont les mĂ©canismes sociaux (transmission des savoirs, mobilitĂ© humaine, Ă©volution des traditions techniques, etc.) qui ont entrainĂ© une telle rĂ©partition gĂ©ographique de ces vestiges jugĂ©s jusqu’à prĂ©sents contemporains ? Avant d’interroger l’association couramment admise des grattoirs Caminade et des burins busquĂ©s, une synthĂšse approfondie des grattoirs Caminade s’impose. Le type reste figĂ© dans sa premiĂšre dĂ©finition basĂ©e sur les quelques outils trĂšs standardisĂ©s du site Ă©ponyme, alors que la description de grattoirs Caminade sur d’autres gisements laisse entrevoir une plus grande variabilitĂ© morphomĂ©trique. De mĂȘme, bien que les nuclĂ©us Ă  grattoirs Caminade aient Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s, l’ensemble de la chaine opĂ©ratoire n’a pas encore Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crite : quels sont les modes de production des supports de nuclĂ©us ? Existe-t-il une production intĂ©grĂ©e de supports de grattoirs Caminade et d’autres d’outils type grattoir ou burin ?). De mĂȘme, les donnĂ©es pĂ©troarchĂ©ologiques ne sont pas systĂ©matiques, voire restent complĂštement inĂ©dites pour certains gisements. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous prĂ©sentons l’étude comparative de cinq gisements : en Dordogne, Caminade, le Flageolet I, la grotte Maldidier et la Grotte XVI et en Gironde, le Pigeonnier. Nous abordons dans un premier temps la question de la variabilitĂ© typologique, morphologique et technologique des grattoirs Caminade afin de proposer une vision plus large et gĂ©nĂ©rale de ces outils, permettant de discuter de leur association Ă©ventuelle avec les burins busquĂ©s. Dans un second temps, nous croisons ces donnĂ©es avec des donnĂ©es pĂ©troarchĂ©ologiques dans le but de discuter non seulement des territoires d’approvisionnement, mais aussi des voies de circulation et des modes de transport des matĂ©riaux et ainsi de mieux comprendre le phĂ©nomĂšne de rĂ©gionalisation de la rĂ©partition des grattoirs Caminade telle qu’observĂ©e actuellement.Caux SolĂšne. Étude typo-technologique et pĂ©tro-archĂ©ologique des grattoirs Caminade. PremiĂšre synthĂšse d’un outil caractĂ©ristique de l’Aurignacien rĂ©cent du Sud-Ouest de la France. In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© prĂ©historique française, tome 114, n°2, 2017. pp. 237-256

    SolĂšne Caux (2015) — Du territoire d’approvisionnement au territoire culturel : pĂ©troarchĂ©ologie et techno-Ă©conomie du silex « grain de mil » durant l’Aurignacien dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, ThĂšse de doctorat soutenue le 23 octobre 2015 Ă  l’universitĂ© de Bordeaux

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    Caux SolĂšne. SolĂšne Caux (2015) — Du territoire d’approvisionnement au territoire culturel : pĂ©troarchĂ©ologie et techno-Ă©conomie du silex « grain de mil » durant l’Aurignacien dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, ThĂšse de doctorat soutenue le 23 octobre 2015 Ă  l’universitĂ© de Bordeaux. In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© prĂ©historique française, tome 113, n°3, 2016. pp. 607-608

    Technologie lithique et circulation des matiĂšres premiĂšres au MagdalĂ©nien moyen ancien. L’exemple de Moulin-Neuf (Saint-Quentin-de-Baron, Gironde)

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    Moulin-Neuf (Saint-Quentin-de-Baron, Gironde) was discovered in 1939. The site consists of a succession of two rockshelters and a site at the foot of a cliff. Our study concerns the largest shelter (Abri 1) which was excavated by R. CoustĂ© and then by H. PĂ©quart in the 1940s. Between 1976 and 1980, M. Lenoir excavated its terrace which delivered substantial archaeological vestiges (lithic and osseous industries, fauna, colouring substances, portable art) attributed at the time to the Middle Magdalenian. New radiocarbon dates, obtained by the MAGDATIS project, place the site between 18670 and 17815 cal. BP, during the Early Middle Magdalenian (EMM). The EMM reflects a veritable geocultural mosaic structured by three facies based on osseous and lithic industries : the ‘ Lussac-Angles facies’, the ‘ shuttle facies’ and the ‘ scalene bladelets facies’. These facies overlap chronologically and geographically, thus leading to the questioning of the validity of exclusive cultures defined from such facies. Moreover, what is the place of EMM sites that have not delivered any of the classic markers ? This is the case of Moulin-Neuf (Abri 1, Lenoir excavations) which is located at the geographical and chronological interface of the different facies. Furthermore, none of the classic markers have been identified on the site. We suggest crossing petro-archaeological and techno-economical approaches. The objective is not only to complete our vision of a typological territory but also to provide a dynamic vision of the management of supply areas for lithic raw materials. We therefore propose to determine the origin of the flints and identify the methods of exploitation (inside or outside the site) in order to better understand the occupations of Moulin-Neuf and replace them within the EMM geocultural territory. The corpus takes into account all tools, microliths, cores, lamino-lamellar blanks and knapping waste (> 2 cm) from layers 2, 2st, 2a, 2b and 2c (4,282 artefacts). The taphonomic and archaeostratigraphic review of the deposit led us to consider all the EMM layers as a palimpsest of several occupations. The lithic technical system revolves around the laminar/ lamellar dichotomy. On the one hand the production of blades and bladelets takes place according to two different ‘ chaĂźnes opĂ©ratoires’ ; they are never intercalated. On the other hand, the economic vocation of the supports is different. The polyfunctional blades were selected to be turned into tools (mainly burins and retouched blades). Bladelets were produced in a variety of ways (prismatic or pyramidal cores, flakes knapped on the edge). The dimensions of the microliths are relatively standardized and, typologically, they are represented by several morphotypes (simple backed bladelets, retouched or truncated backed bladelets). This study highlights the wide range of raw materials found at Moulin-Neuf. We identifi ed ten different fl int types : Senonian fl ints (n = 1,326), Maastrichtian from the Bergerac region (n = 757), Upper Maastrichtian from the Chalosse (n = 528), ‘ grain de mil’ fl int (N= 280), Lower Turonian from the Berry region (n = 156), Tertiary from North Aquitaine (n = 55), Upper Turonian from Grand-Pressigny (n = 13), Tertiary from the Aurillac Basin (n = 12), jasperoid Infralias (n = 7) and, fi nally, Écoyeux Turonian (n = 4). The proportion of indeterminate artefacts is 26.6% (n = 1,144). Beyond a supply from local alluvia and the PĂ©rigord area, the circulation networks widen clearly towards the Chalosse region and the south of the Paris Basin. The blocks of Bergerac fl ints, Chalosse fl ints and «grain de mil » were knapped on the site. The arrival of these blocks was completed by the importing of lamino-lamellar blanks and tools of Lower and Upper Turonian fl int, respectively from the Berry region and Le Grand Pressigny, and also of Écoyeux Turonian fl int. Blades made of good-quality materials were more frequently selected for the manufacturing of tools. These were either produced locally or brought to the site (in the form of blanks or tools). For lamellar production and the manufacture of microliths, there is greater adaptability to the local material of variable quality and a smaller selection of materials from elsewhere. The ‘ litho-espace’ (sensu Delvigne, 2016) of Moulin-Neuf is the same as that of Roc-de-Marcamps 2 (with scalene bladelets) and is similar to that of Combe-Cullier (also with scalene bladelets). The origins of the materials are much more diversifi ed than for the nearby sites of Roc-de-Marcamps 1 and Saint-Germain-la-RiviĂšre. From a “ litho-espace” point of view, Moulin-Neuf seems to fi t well into the EMM with scalene bladelets and presents obvious relations with the south of the Paris Basin and probably the sites belonging to the Lussac-Angles facies (La Marche, Roc-aux-Sorciers, Taillis des Coteaux) and the shuttle facies (La Garenne). These unpublished results do not show a clear territorial border between Poitou and the Pyrenees but rather complex networks for the circulation of lithic raw materials. Moulin-Neuf seems to be located at a major crossroads in these networks. The distribution of a similar “ litho-espace” between the various entities of the Early Middle Magdalenian leads us to question the partitioning of the EMM groups into exclusive ‘facies’.Moulin-Neuf (Saint-Quentin-de-Baron, Gironde) est un site du MagdalĂ©nien moyen ancien datĂ© entre 18700 et 17800 cal. BP. DĂ©couvert en 1939, le site s’organise comme la succession latĂ©rale de deux abris et d’un gisement en pied de falaise. L’intĂ©rieur de l’abri 1, le plus vaste, a d’abord Ă©tĂ© en partie fouillĂ© par R. CoustĂ© puis par H. PĂ©quart dans les annĂ©es 1940. Entre 1976 et 1980, M. Lenoir entrepris d’en fouiller la terrasse qui a notamment livrĂ© un riche ensemble archĂ©ologique (industries lithique et osseuse, faune, matiĂšres colorantes, art mobilier) attribuĂ© alors au MagdalĂ©nien moyen. Moulin-Neuf se situe Ă  l’interface gĂ©ographique et chronologique des «faciĂšs » Ă  navettes, Ă  pointes de Lussac-Angles et Ă  lamelles scalĂšnes. Pourtant, il n’a livrĂ© aucun de ces marqueurs classiques. Nous nous proposons de croiser les approches pĂ©tro-archĂ©ologiques et technoĂ©conomiques pour dĂ©terminer le mode d’exploitation de chaque ressource afin de mieux cerner les occupations de Moulin-Neuf et de les replacer dans l’espace gĂ©oculturel du MagdalĂ©nien moyen ancien. Cette Ă©tude a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence Ă  Moulin-Neuf une grande diversitĂ© dans le spectre de matiĂšres premiĂšres exploitĂ©es. Au-delĂ  d’un approvisionnement avec la zone pĂ©rigourdine, le rĂ©seau de circulation des matiĂšres premiĂšres s’élargit nettement vers la Chalosse et le Sud du Bassin parisien. Les blocs de silex du Bergeracois, «grain de mil » et de Chalosse ont fait l’objet d’une exploitation sur place. Cette arrivĂ©e de blocs fut complĂ©tĂ©e par l’apport de supports lamino-lamellaires et d’outils provenant des formations du Turonien infĂ©rieur du Berry, du Grand-Pressigny et du Turonien d’Écoyeux. La zone de diffusion des silex du Turonien infĂ©rieur du Berry se trouve alors Ă©largie au Nord du Bassin aquitain. Ces rĂ©sultats inĂ©dits ne montrent pas de frontiĂšres territoriales nettes entre Poitou et PyrĂ©nĂ©es mais plutĂŽt des des rĂ©seaux complexes de circulation des matiĂšres premiĂšres lithiques, tout en confĂ©rant Ă  Moulin-Neuf la place de carrefour gĂ©ographique majeur de ces rĂ©seaux. Le partage d’un «litho-espace » similaire entre les diffĂ©rents faciĂšs du MagdalĂ©nien moyen ancien relance la question de la pertinence de l’utilisation de ces faciĂšs.SĂ©cher Anthony, Caux SolĂšne. Technologie lithique et circulation des matiĂšres premiĂšres au MagdalĂ©nien moyen ancien. L’exemple de Moulin-Neuf (Saint-Quentin-de-Baron, Gironde). In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© prĂ©historique française, tome 114, n°2, 2017. pp. 295-314

    Traditions techniques du Magdalénien moyen ancien. Apports de la série lithique de Combe Cullier, Lacave, Lot, France (couches 11 à 13)

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