6,851 research outputs found
The Relative Space: Space Measurements on a Rotating Platform
We introduce here the concept of relative space, an extended 3-space which is
recognized as the only space having an operational meaning in the study of the
space geometry of a rotating disk. Accordingly, we illustrate how space
measurements are performed in the relative space, and we show that an old-aged
puzzling problem, that is the Ehrenfest's paradox, is explained in this purely
relativistic context. Furthermore, we illustrate the kinematical origin of the
tangential dilation which is responsible for the solution of the Ehrenfest's
paradox.Comment: 14 pages, 2 EPS figures, LaTeX, to appear in the European Journal of
Physic
Fredkin Gates for Finite-valued Reversible and Conservative Logics
The basic principles and results of Conservative Logic introduced by Fredkin
and Toffoli on the basis of a seminal paper of Landauer are extended to
d-valued logics, with a special attention to three-valued logics. Different
approaches to d-valued logics are examined in order to determine some possible
universal sets of logic primitives. In particular, we consider the typical
connectives of Lukasiewicz and Godel logics, as well as Chang's MV-algebras. As
a result, some possible three-valued and d-valued universal gates are described
which realize a functionally complete set of fundamental connectives.Comment: 57 pages, 10 figures, 16 tables, 2 diagram
Classical BV theories on manifolds with boundary
In this paper we extend the classical BV framework to gauge theories on
spacetime manifolds with boundary. In particular, we connect the BV
construction in the bulk with the BFV construction on the boundary and we
develop its extension to strata of higher codimension in the case of manifolds
with corners. We present several examples including electrodynamics, Yang-Mills
theory and topological field theories coming from the AKSZ construction, in
particular, the Chern-Simons theory, the theory, and the Poisson sigma
model. This paper is the first step towards developing the perturbative
quantization of such theories on manifolds with boundary in a way consistent
with gluing.Comment: The second version has many typos corrected, references added. Some
typos are probably still there, in particular, signs in examples. In the
third version more typoes are corrected and the exposition is slightly
change
Microscopic Derivation of Causal Diffusion Equation using Projection Operator Method
We derive a coarse-grained equation of motion of a number density by applying
the projection operator method to a non-relativistic model. The derived
equation is an integrodifferential equation and contains the memory effect. The
equation is consistent with causality and the sum rule associated with the
number conservation in the low momentum limit, in contrast to usual acausal
diffusion equations given by using the Fick's law. After employing the Markov
approximation, we find that the equation has the similar form to the causal
diffusion equation. Our result suggests that current-current correlations are
not necessarily adequate as the definition of diffusion constants.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, Final version published in Phys. Rev.
Bimodal AGNs in Bimodal Galaxies
By their star content, the galaxies split out into a red and a blue
population; their color index peaked around u-r=2.5 or u-r=1, respectively,
quantifies the ratio of the blue stars newly formed from cold galactic gas, to
the redder ones left over by past generations. On the other hand, upon
accreting substantial gas amounts the central massive black holes energize
active galactic nuclei (AGNs); here we investigate whether these show a
similar, and possibly related, bimodal partition as for current accretion
activity relative to the past. To this aim we use an updated semianalytic
model; based on Monte Carlo simulations, this follows with a large statistics
the galaxy assemblage, the star generations and the black hole accretions in
the cosmological framework over the redshift span from z=10 to z=0. We test our
simulations for yielding in close detail the observed split of galaxies into a
red, early and a blue, late population. We find that the black hole accretion
activities likewise give rise to two source populations: early, bright quasars
and later, dimmer AGNs. We predict for their Eddington parameter --
the ratio of the current to the past black hole accretions -- a bimodal
distribution; the two branches sit now under (mainly
contributed by low-luminosity AGNs) and around . These
not only mark out the two populations of AGNs, but also will turn out to
correlate strongly with the red or blue color of their host galaxies.Comment: 7 pages, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Numerical simulations of strong incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Magnetised plasma turbulence pervades the universe and is likely to play an
important role in a variety of astrophysical settings. Magnetohydrodynamics
(MHD) provides the simplest theoretical framework in which phenomenological
models for the turbulent dynamics can be built. Numerical simulations of MHD
turbulence are widely used to guide and test the theoretical predictions;
however, simulating MHD turbulence and accurately measuring its scaling
properties is far from straightforward. Computational power limits the
calculations to moderate Reynolds numbers and often simplifying assumptions are
made in order that a wider range of scales can be accessed. After describing
the theoretical predictions and the numerical approaches that are often
employed in studying strong incompressible MHD turbulence, we present the
findings of a series of high-resolution direct numerical simulations. We
discuss the effects that insufficiencies in the computational approach can have
on the solution and its physical interpretation
Conservation laws for vacuum tetrad gravity
Ten conservation laws in useful polynomial form are derived from a Cartan
form and Exterior Differential System (EDS) for the tetrad equations of vacuum
relativity. The Noether construction of conservation laws for well posed EDS is
introduced first, and an illustration given, deriving 15 conservation laws of
the free field Maxwell Equations from symmetries of its EDS. The Maxwell EDS
and tetrad gravity EDS have parallel structures, with their numbers of
dependent variables, numbers of generating 2-forms and generating 3-forms, and
Cartan character tables all in the ratio of 1 to 4. They have 10 corresponding
symmetries with the same Lorentz algebra, and 10 corresponding conservation
laws.Comment: Final version with additional reference
Unsymmetrical shear loading and its influence on the frictional shakedown of incomplete contacts
Published versio
Semi-Teleparallel Theories of Gravitation
A class of theories of gravitation that naturally incorporates preferred
frames of reference is presented. The underlying space-time geometry consists
of a partial parallelization of space-time and has properties of Riemann-Cartan
as well as teleparallel geometry. Within this geometry, the kinematic
quantities of preferred frames are associated with torsion fields. Using a
variational method, it is shown in which way action functionals for this
geometry can be constructed. For a special action the field equations are
derived and the coupling to spinor fields is discussed.Comment: 14 pages, LaTe
The effects of nonlocality on the evolution of higher order fluxes in non-equilibrium thermodynamics
The role of gradient dependent constitutive spaces is investigated on the
example of Extended Thermodynamics of rigid heat conductors. Different levels
of nonlocality are developed and the different versions of extended
thermodynamics are classified. The local form of the entropy density plays a
crucial role in the investigations. The entropy inequality is solved under
suitable constitutive assumptions. Balance form of evolution equations is
obtained in special cases. Closure relations are derived on a phenomenological
level.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur
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