Instruments and consumables

The importance of surgical instruments and consumables in the delivery of eye care and covered maintenance, repair, training, purchasing, and donations

Deflection, Disassociation, & Acknowledgement: A Content Analysis of the 2011-2014 Media Framing of Hydraulic Fracturing and Oklahoma Earthquakes

In June of 2014, geologists reported that, for the first time, more earthquakes greater than magnitude 3.0 occurred in Oklahoma than in California [Terry-Cobo, 2014]. In Oklahoma, the frequency of earthquakes that are strong enough to be felt has increased 44 times in recent years and this has been correlated to a dramatic increase in high-volume, horizontal hydraulic fracturing (HVHHF) operations [Hume, 2014]. The aims of this study are: (1) to determine how hydraulic fracturing, commonly called fracking, and Oklahoma earthquakes are framed by print-based media at the local, national, and international levels; (2) to understand how the association between these factors has evolved over time; and (3) to further analyze the differences between experts on the subjects of causality and threat characterization (e.g., severity). A total of 169 print news reports were included for analysis: 48 local/Oklahoma reports (28% of total sample), 72 national reports (42% of total sample) and 49 international news reports (30% of total sample). The findings reveal significant differences in the frame techniques, sources of information, and the foci of subject matter between three different media scales in prin

Beyond greening: The challenges to adopting sustainability in higher education.

It is common for colleges and universities to include sustainability in their mission statements and strategic plans. On many campuses, however, sustainability is associated with green practices only, rather than the comprehensive integration of social equity, economic, and environmental principles on which the concept was founded. Here, Hooey et al examine the obstacles to the comprehensive adoption of sustainability in institutions of higher education, in general, and to suggest a conceptual framework of a sustainability culture as one most appropriate for the more effective incorporation of comprehensive practices

Investigating the use of chloroquine as antineoplastic therapy

Chloroquine (CQ) is an oral lysosomotropic agent routinely used as an anti-malarial drug (Espina & Liotta, 2013). In recent years, it has been discovered that CQ also possesses anticancer effects, potentially due to the drug’s inhibition of autophagy (Kimura, Takabatake, Takahashi, & Isaka, 2012). Autophagy is a normal cellular pathway that allows for the degradation of cytoplasmic contents. In cancer cells autophagy can also serve as a pro-survival pathway under stressful metabolic conditions, ultimately promoting the survival of malignant cells (Sui et al., 2013). Therefore, in recent years CQ has been speculated as a potential antineoplastic therapy. When administered in conjunction with typical chemotherapeutic agents, CQ also has the potential to decrease acquired drug resistance, enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, and prevent pre-invasive cells from transitioning to invasive cells (Espina & Liotta, 2013). However, this potential antineoplastic effect has been observed to vary somewhat between cancer types and phases of tumorigenesis, and the precise antineoplastic mechanism of CQ is not clearly understood (Sui et al., 2013). The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the current evidence in order to compare the efficacy and safety of the use of CQ as an antineoplastic agent in various types of cancer. Additionally, the conjectured antineoplastic effects of CQ discussed in each reviewed study were compared in order to gain greater understanding of the probable mechanism of action of CQ in cancer cells